7 Active Learning Tamplete Essay 5

Pathophysiology Related to Client Problem: – Sudden imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory forces in neurons – Abnormal electrical firing or discharges of nerves in cerebral cor tex
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: Young Adults: wear helmets, seat belts, use child passenger seats to avoid brain damage during fall or accident – Middle Adults: eat healthy, exercises, refrain from smoking to lower risk of epilepsy later in life – Older Adults: follow fall prevention precautions to avoid any brain injury during a fall
Risk Factors: – Risk Factors: tumors, lead poisoning , maldevelopment , in jury to the brain, medications, genetics, infectious illnesses
Expected Findings: – Expected Findings: confusion, loss of awareness, rhythmic twitching, stiff contraction, repetitive behavior
Laboratory Tests: – Laboratory Tests: Complete Blood Tests (CBC). Epilepsy blood test (measure prolactin: higher levels = high risk)
Diagnostic Procedures: EEG, lumbar puncture, neurological exam, CT scan or MRI
Nursing Care: – apply padding to side rails – follow seizure precaution – neurological and vital assessment after seizure
Therapeutic Procedures: – brain surgery, vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, responsive neurostimulation.
Medications: Carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Tegretol, others) Phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek) Valproic acid (Depakene) Oxcarbazepine (Oxtellar, Trileptal) Lamotrigine (Lamictal) Gabapentin (Gralise, Neurontin) Topiramate (Topamax) Phenobarbital
Client Education: – keep room in the house unlocked – avoid taking baths – do not skip medication dose and refill before running out of medication
Interprofessional Care: – neurologist, neurosurgeon, primary care provider
Alterations in Health: Risk for injury related to recurrence of abnormal electrical discharge in brain
Safety Considerations: – Patient: apply padding to patients bed rails, stabilize head – Environment: keep the environment clear and open to allow easy quick access to patient, remove any sharp objects — Equipment: padded side rails, call bell in reach, OZ PRN or as needed – Home Safety (discharge teaching): medication schedule, safe home environment , emergency aids – Healthcare Provider: do not force anything into patients mouth
Complications: – permanent brain damage, loss of consciousness, aspiration, skill fractures, vertebral fractures, tongue, lip, cheek injury from biting, death – status epilepticcus: seizure happens again without patient regain

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