HCM 515 Laws of Saudi Arabia on Healthcare Paper
HCM 515 Laws of Saudi Arabia on Healthcare Paper
The right to healthcare is stipulated in Article 27 and 31 of the Basic Laws of Saudi Arabia, the Ministry of Health issued a Patient’s Bill of Rights (PBR) in 2006. Factors which may contribute to morbidity and mortality include lack of awareness of health rules and the regulations of the Ministry of Health, along with lack of clear laws.
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Write a 4-5 page paper evaluating the purpose of Article 27 and 31 and discussing how it may affect medical outcomes.
Your paper should address the following substantive requirements:
Describe in detail aspects of the articles.
How does medical outcomes connect to adherence to the law?
How can healthcare organizations educate patients on their rights?Live Session Module 2 HCM515 Health Law and Ethics Instructor Name Module 2 Learning Outcomes 1. Explain the structure and development of health law. 2. Evaluate the influence of international organizations setting forth legal standards. 3. Describe the legal structure of healthcare in Saudi Arabia. HCM515: Health Law and Ethics Structure and Development of Law Charter Mission Statement Guidelines HCM515: Health Law and Ethics Declaration Policy Governance Terminology • Protocol • Code • Regulations • Treaty HCM515: Health Law and Ethics Major Global Health Players • Nations • International governmental organizations • Public-private partnerships • Non-state actors HCM515: Health Law and Ethics Red Crescent Societies HCM515: Health Law and Ethics Pandemic Management • Quarantine • Isolation • Voluntary Isolation • Involuntary Isolation HCM515: Health Law and Ethics Public Health Actions for Infectious Disease HCM515: Health Law and Ethics Confinement and Human Rights • Human rights refers to a set of principles and norms internationally agreed upon. • 1948 Declaration of Human Rights is the first modern instrument defining these rights • Infection control does have the ability to impact human rights • From a human rights perspective, containment of disease must be done in the least restrictive way. HCM515: Health Law and Ethics Human Rights in Global Health • UN has defined human rights: provides clarity • Role of global health governance
• National governments need to be efficient and fair: good governance (no corruption, transparency, setting and monitoring clear targets, accessible and accountability) • UNICECF and WHO also need to be governed well/protect human rights and the health of a society • Institutional factors that help or hinder human rights in global health governance • Leadership of an organization – within and among member states • Technical staff in an organization – acting to champion or limit human rights • Civil society – advocating human rights from the outside • What does the future hold? HCM515: Health Law and Ethics Key Global Health Events (Source: Gostin, DeBartolo & Katz, 2017). HCM515: Health Law and Ethics Types of health facilities HCM515: Health Law and Ethics Laws Governing Healthcare in Saudi Arabia • Constitution • Alma-Ata Declaration • Budget control • Health workforce HCM515: Health Law and Ethics E-health Strategy HCM515: Health Law and Ethics Module 2 Assignment Requirements
• Assignment: Case Study – Cholera Outbreak o Examine laws o Describe agencies involved o Consider new laws that would assist. • Quiz o Key concepts HCM515: Health Law and Ethics Questions Take advantage of this opportunity to seek further clarification. HCM515: Health Law and Ethics Next Live Session • • HCM515: Health Law and Ethics References • Al Asmri, M., Almalki, M. J., Fitzgerald, G., & Clark, M. (2019). The public healthcare system and primary care services in Saudi Arabia: a system in transition. East Mediterr Health J, 25. • Gostin, L. O., DeBartolo, M. C., & Katz, R. (2017). The global health law trilogy: Towards a safer, healthier, and fairer world. The Lancet, 390(10105), 1918-1926 • International Federation. (n.d.). Who we are. Retrieved from https://www.ifrc.org/en/who-we-are/ • Oxford Academic. (2018, November 30). Reflecting on human rights in global health | Oxford Academic [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjgK5MsWelw • Pinto, A. D., & Upshur, R. E. (Eds.). (2013). An introduction to global health ethics. New York, NY: Routledge. ISBN-13: 978-0-415-68183-4 HCM515: Health Law and Ethics This concludes our live session. Thank you for your attendance! 1 H C M: 515 – 14940 Saudi Electronic University Module 02: Critical Thinking 105 PTS Student ID: 200307474 Student name: Abdullah Saleh Alqurashi 08/9/2021 2 Saudi Arabia Healthcare Basic Laws Introduction In Saudi Arabia, certain laws have been put for the purpose of improving the health status within the region.
Researches have shown that the health condition and provision before the production of article 27 and 31 that regards basic laws in healthcare, individuals were not getting the desired form of healthcare. The articles articulate some of the rights that are supposed to be embraced in healthcare, an issue attributed to a great change. There is a certain form of the concepts that have been incorporated within the purpose of the article to ensure that the health conditions within the regions have been improved. Aspects of article 27 and 31 of basic laws in healthcare within Saudi Arabia One of the concepts that have been incorporated in the article is equity, whereby the ministry of health in the region demands that patients should always be treated equally. Before introducing the articles, it has been noted that there was a form of discrimination whereby all individuals were not treated equally. Individuals were being eliminated based on color, region, educational background, marital status and even gender. Following such, there were high death rates witnessed in the region, especially for the individuals who were being discriminated (AlHashem, 2016). The article brought about the policy whereby any individual who was to go against the policy was subject to a severe form of punishment. Besides such, it has been out of the research that there was a high risk of individuals in the region dying from cancer due to poor services that had been offered in the hospitals within the region (Al-Hashem, 2016). In this connection, there emerged another form of the concept that advocated for counseling. Individuals who have cancer were supposed to undergo counseling as one of the key factors to consider during treatment. In 3 this connection, it had been noted that the mortality rate resulting from cancer decreased very highly within the region. Apart from counseling, it was out of research that the individuals with cancer were not granted their rights. With the health articles that have been mentioned in the section above, all those who were suffering from cancer had been given a certain form of right to make sure that they get the right form of treatment that they require in the health institutions. Individuals who tried to go against the policy were too subject to severe punishment by the health ministry (Mahrous 2017).
Ignorance of the patients in the hospitals was another form of the issue addressed in the article. Before the production of the article by the ministry of health, it was clear that physicists and nurses were not offering delegated tasks as per the patients’ expectations (Al-Hashem, 2016). Sometimes, they could ignore patients leading to poor healthcare provision within the region. In this perception, the individuals’ mortality rate raised very fast as the ministry of health had not enacted and reinforced laws to safeguard the patient’s rights. With the articles, the laws to hinder health workers from ignoring the rights of patients were realized. The health ministry also made an effort to monitor whether the new program from the fundamental health rights has been embraced in all health institutions within the region (Alkhamis et al., 2014). With such, the rights ended up being appreciated and upheld in the region, resulting in improved healthcare services offered to patients in the region. How do the medical outcomes connect to adherence to the health laws? Looking at the medical outcome, there is a high connection drawn from the adherence to the health laws enacted in Saudi Arabia (Alkhamis et al., 2014). The connection noted is based on the fact that the health ministry within the region keenly monitors all nurses and health workers. In this connection, the individuals within the region ended up getting quality services from the 4 healthcare institution. It is also ensured that the health workers are well paid and their concerns are met and this motivates them in their call of duty. At the same time, it had been noted that every patient was treated in a fairway regardless of their age, social status, educational background and race. Each of the patient rights ended up been respected within the region, an issue that attributed to a successful form of services within the health institution.
After producing the mentioned articles, various forms of discrimination experienced in the region ended up being eliminated. All the citizens felt free to report a lawbreaker in the health institution. In this conjunction, the mortality rate within the region reduced by a margin of 5% from 1925 to 1930 (Alkhamis et al., 2014). The above was evidence that the adherence to the health policies enclosed in articles 27 and 31 contributed to a successful form of outcome. It is thus clear that adherence to the health laws in Saudi Arabia contributed to the desired outcome and everyone within the region enjoyed health services as the ministry of health dictates it. How can healthcare organizations educate patients on their rights within Saudi Arabia? There are various ways health organizations have managed to educate the patients on their rights within Saudi Arabia. The firm’s procedure in doing such is through employing social workers within the region (Cassell et al., 2012). The program of employing social workers who move into the society to enlighten patients on their rights has served as a critical program that has attributed to the patients getting a better understanding of whatever they are supposed to get from the health institutions.
The program is associated with a massive form of campaign that has also supplemented the practice. The campaign has been done through social media platforms whereby individuals, even those in interior areas, have gotten the message concerning the fundamental health care rights that must be embraced in the region’s health care institutions. 5 Meanwhile, there was another program whereby individuals in the learning institution were taught various healthcare and patient rights. Through the programs, the learners understand specific rights that the government has given to patients all over the world. In this conjunction, they end up spreading a similar message to others in the society, who, in turn, get to understand changes that have been made in the healthcare system (Cassell et al., 2012). The other approach has also been applied in educating written documents sent to various communities and encouraging individuals to purchase such documents. Through the documents, it has become possible for the individuals to have enough knowledge concerning the policies that have been stipulated together with the patient’s fundamental rights that the government has given. Additionally, there have been various posts and billboards taken to every health institution in the region. Such billboards and posts consist of all the patient’s fundamental rights, facilitating educating patients on their rights. Books, journals, magazines and other publications have also been printed and given to the general public to teach them broadly on their rights. There have been positive results from educating the patients using all the methods discussed. Conclusion In conclusion, the main aim of the article was to advocate for respect and observance of healthcare organizations.
It has greatly played a huge role in bringing greenlight to the grievances and concerns facing the health care which have reduced the mortality rate of patients and also increased the confidence of the people in the health care system. It has been an important channel to ensure patients know their rights and these rights are respected. The media and schools have played a great role in advocating and teaching the general public on their health rights. Educating patients on their rights is a great step towards humanity which every nation should consider embracing. 6 References Al-Hashem, A. (2016). Health education in Saudi Arabia: a historical overview. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 16(3), e286. Alkhamis, A., Hassan, A., & Cosgrove, P. (2014). Financing healthcare in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a focus on Saudi Arabia. The International Journal of health planning and management, 29(1), e64-e82. Cassell, M. A., & Blake, R. J. (2012). Analysis of Hofstede’s 5-D Model:
The implications of conducting business in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS), 16(2), 151-160. Mahrous, M. S. (2017). Patient’s bill of rights: Is it a challenge for quality health care in Saudi Arabia? Saudi journal of medicine & medical sciences, 5(3), 254. Basic Law of Governance Royal Order No. (A/91) 27 Sha’ban 1412H – 1 March 1992 Published in Umm al-Qura Gazette No. 3397 2 Ramadan 1412H – 5 March 1992 1 Part One General Principles Article 1: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a fully sovereign Arab Islamic State. Its religion shall be Islam and its constitution shall be the Book of God and the Sunnah (Traditions) of His Messenger, may God’s blessings and peace be upon him (PBUH). Its language shall be Arabic and its capital shall be the city of Riyadh.
Article 2: The two holidays of the State shall be ‘Id al-Fitr and ‘Id al-Adha, and its calendar shall be the Hijri Calendar. Article 3: The flag of the State shall be as follows: (a) Its color shall be green. (b) Its width shall be two-thirds its length. (c) Centered therein shall be the expression “ There is no god but God and Muhammad is the Messenger of God”, with an unsheathed sword under it. The flag may never be flown at half-mast. The Law shall set forth the provisions appertaining thereto. Article 4: The emblem of the State shall be two crossed swords with a date palm tree in the middle of the upper space between them. The law shall set forth the anthem and medals of the State. Part Two System of Governance Article 5: (a) The system of governance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia shall be monarchical. (b) Governance shall be limited to the sons of the Founder King ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn ‘Abd ar-Rahman al-Faysal Al Sa‘ud, and the sons of his sons. HCM 515 Laws of Saudi Arabia on Healthcare Paper
Allegiance shall be pledged to the m ost suitable amongst them to reign on the basis of the Book of God Most High and the Sunnah of His Messenger (PBUH). (c) The King shall select and relieve the Crown Prince, by Royal Order. 2 (d) The Crown Prince shall devote himself exclusively to the office of the Crown Prince and shall perform any other duties assigned to him by the King. (e) The Crown Prince shall assume the powers of the King upon his death until the pledge of allegiance is given. Article 6: Citizens shall pledge allegiance to the King on the basis of the Book of God and the Sunnah of his Messenger, and on the basis of submission and obedience in times of hardship and ease, fortune and adversity. Article 7: Governance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia derives its authority from the Book of God Most High and the Sunnah of his Messenger, both of which govern this Law and all the laws of the State. Article 8: Governance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia shall be based on justice, shura (consultation), and equality in accordance with the Islamic Shari‘ah. Part Three Foundations of Saudi Society Article 9: The nucleus of Saudi society is the family and its members should be brought up on the basis of the Islamic creed and its requirement of allegiance and obedience to God, to His Messenger and to those in authority; respect for and implementation of laws, and love of and pride in the homeland and its glorious history. Article 10:
The State shall endeavor to strengthen family bonds, maintain its Arab and Islamic values, care for all its members, and provide conditions conducive to the development of their talents and abilities. Article 11: Saudi society shall be based on its members’ holding fast to the bond of God, cooperating unto righteousness and piety, and maintaining solidarity, and avoiding dissention. 3 Article 12: Promoting national unity is a duty, and the State shall prevent whatever leads to disunity, sedition and division. Article 13: Education shall aim to instill the Islamic creed in the young, impart knowledge and skills to them, and prepare them to be useful members in the building of their society, loving their homeland, and taking pride in its history. Part Four Economic Principles Article 14: All God’s bestowed wealth, be it underground, on the surface, or in national territorial waters, on the land or maritime domains under the State’s control, all such resources shall be the property of the State as defined by the Law. The Law shall set forth the means for exploiting, protecting, and developing such resources for the benefit, security, and economy of the State. Article 15: No concession is to be granted and no public resources of the country are to be exploited except pursuant to a law. Article 16: Public property has sanctity. HCM 515 Laws of Saudi Arabia on Healthcare Paper
The State shall protect it, and citizens and residents shall safeguard it. Article 17: Property, capital, and labor are basic constituents of the economic and social structure of the Kingdom. They are private rights which fulfill a social function in accordance with Islamic Shari‘ah. Article 18: The State shall guarantee private property and its inviolability. No one shall be deprived of his property except for the public interest, provided that the owner be fairly compensated. 4 Article 19: The public expropriation of property shall be prohibited, and the penalty of private expropriation may be imposed only by a court order. Article 20: Taxes and fees may be imposed only if needed and on a just basis.
They may be imposed, revised, abolished, or exempted only in accordance with the Law. Article 21: Zakah (alms) shall be collected and spent as prescribed by the Shari‘ah. Article 22: Economic and social development shall be accomplished according to a sound and just plan. Part Five Rights and Duties Article 23 The State shall protect the Islamic creed, apply its Shari‘ah, enjoin the good and prohibit evil, and carry out the duty of calling to God. Article 24 The State shall maintain and serve the Two Holy Mosques, and provide security and care to those who travel to them as to enable them to perform Haj (Major Pilgrimage), ‘Umrah (Minor Pilgrimage), and Ziyarah (Visit of the Prophet’s Mosque) in ease and tranquility. Article 25 The State shall strive to realize the aspirations of the Arab and Muslim nation for solidarity, unity, as well as to promote its relations with friendly states. Article 26 The State shall protect human rights in accordance with the Islamic Shari‘ah. Article 27 The State shall guarantee the right of the citizen and his family in emergencies, sickness, disability, and old age, and shall support the social 5 security system and encourage institutions and individuals to participate in charitable work. HCM 515 Laws of Saudi Arabia on Healthcare Paper
Article 28 The State shall facilitate the provision of job opportunities to every able person, and shall enact laws that protect the workman and the employer. Article 29: The State shall foster sciences, arts, and culture, and shall encourage scientific research, protect Islamic and Arabic heritage, and contribute to Arab, Islamic, and human civilization. Article 30: The State shall provide public education, and shall be committed to combating illiteracy. Article 31: The State shall be responsible for the care of public health, and shall provide health care to every citizen. Article 32: The State shall endeavor to preserve, protect, and improve the environment and prevent its pollution. Article 33: The State shall create and equip armed forces for the defense of the creed, the Two Holy Mosques, the society, and the homeland. Article 34: Defense of the Islamic creed, society, and homeland is the duty of every citizen. The Law shall set forth provisions for military service. Article 35: The Law shall set forth provisions for Saudi Arabian citizenship. Article 36: The State shall provide security to all its citizens and residents. A person’s actions may not be restricted, nor may he be detained or imprisoned, except under the provisions of the Law.
6 Article 37: Residences shall be inviolable, and they may not be entered or searched without their owner’s permission except in cases set forth in the Law. Article 38: Punishment shall be carried out on a personal basis. There shall be no crime or punishment except on the basis of a Shari‘ah or a statutory provision, and there shall be no punishment except for deeds subsequent to the effectiveness of a statutory provision. Article 39: Mass and publishing media and all means of expression shall use decent language and adhere to State laws. They shall contribute towards educating the nation and supporting its unity. Whatever leads to sedition and division, or undermines the security of the State or its public relations, or is injurious to the honor and rights of man, shall be prohibited. Laws shall set forth provisions to achieve this. Article 40: Correspondence by telegraph and mail, telephone conversations, and other means of communication shall be protected. They may not be seized, delayed, viewed, or listened to except in cases set forth in the Law. Article 41: Residents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia shall observe its laws. HCM 515 Laws of Saudi Arabia on Healthcare Paper
They shall respect the values, traditions and sensibilities of Saudi society. Article 42: The State shall grant political asylum if public interest so dictates. Laws and international agreements shall specify the rules and procedure for the extradition of ordinary criminals. Articles 43: The court of the King and of the Crown Prince shall be accessible to every citizen and to every one who has a complaint or a grievance. Every individual shall have the right to address public authorities in matters of concern to him. Part Six Authorities of the State Article 44: 7 Authorities in the State shall consist of: – Judicial Authority. – Executive Authority. HCM 515 Laws of Saudi Arabia on Healthcare Paper
– Regulatory Authority. These authorities shall cooperate in the discharge of their functions in accordance with this Law and other laws. The King shall be their final authority. Article 45: The source for fatwa (religious legal opinion) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia shall be the Book of God and the Sunnah of his Messenger (PBUH). The Law shall set forth the hierarchy and jurisdiction of the Board of Senior Ulema and the Department of Religious Research and Fatwa. Article 46: The Judiciary shall be an independent authority. There shall be no power over judges in their judicial function other than the power of the Islamic Shari‘ah. Article 47: The right of litigation shall be guaranteed equally for both citizens and residents in the Kingdom. The Law shall set forth the procedures required thereof. Article 48: HCM 515 Laws of Saudi Arabia on Healthcare Paper
The courts shall apply to cases before them the provisions of Islamic Shari‘ah, as indicated by the Qur’an and the Sunnah, and whatever laws not in conflict with the Qur’an and the Sunnah which the authorities may promulgate. Article 49: Subject to the provisions of Article 53 herein, the courts shall have jurisdiction to adjudicate all disputes and crimes. Article 50: The King or whomever he deputizes shall be responsible for the enforcement of judicial rulings. Article 51: The Law shall set forth the composition and jurisdiction of the Supreme Judicial Council, as well as the hierarchy and jurisdiction of the courts. 8 Article 52: Appointment and termination of judges shall be by Royal Order, at the recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, as set forth by the Law. Article 53: The Law shall set forth the structure and jurisdiction of the Board of Grievances. Article 54: The Law shall set forth the final authority, organization, and jurisdiction of the Bureau of Investigation and Prosecution. Article 55: The King shall run the affairs of the nation in accordance with the dictates of Islam. He shall supervise the implementation of Islamic Shari‘ah and the general policies of the State, and the protection and defense of the country. Article 56: The King presides over the Council of Ministers.
He shall be assisted in the discharge of his functions by the members of the Council of Ministers in accordance with the provisions of this and other laws. The Law of the Council of Ministers shall set forth the power of the Council with respect to internal and foreign affairs, and to the organization of the agencies of the Government and coordination among them. It shall also set forth the requirements ministers must meet, their powers, accountability, and all their affairs. The Law of the Council of Ministers and the powers of the Council shall be amended in accordance with this Law. Article 57: (a) (b) (c) The King shall appoint vice presidents of the Council of Ministers and member ministers of the Council of Ministers and shall relieve them by Royal Order. The vice presidents of the Council of Ministers and the member ministers of the Council of Ministers shall be considered collectively responsible before the King for the implementation of the Islamic Shari‘ah and the laws and the general polices of the State. The King may dissolve the Council of Ministers and reconstitute it. Article 58: The King shall appoint those who hold the rank of minister and deputy minister and those in Distinguished Grade, and shall relieve them of their office by Royal Order in accordance with what is set forth in the Law. 9 Ministers and heads of independent agencies shall be considered responsible before the King for the ministries and agencies they head. Article 59: The Law shall set forth the provisions for civil service, including salaries, stipends, compensation, fringe benefits, and pensions. Article 60: HCM 515 Laws of Saudi Arabia on Healthcare Paper
The King shall be the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces, and shall appoint and terminate the services of officers in accordance with the Law. Article 61: The King may declare the state of emergency, general mobilization, and war. The Law shall set forth the provisions thereof. Article 62: If a threat arises which endangers the safety or the territorial integrity of the Kingdom or the security and interests of its people, or hinders the institutions of the State from performing their functions, the King may take urgent measures as would guarantee dealing with that danger. If the King deems that such measures be permanent, he may take whatever actions required pursuant to the Law. Article 63: The King shall receive the kings and heads of State and shall appoint his representatives to such states and accept the credentials of their representatives to him. Article 64: The King shall grant medals in the manner prescribed by the Law. Article 65
The King may delegate certain powers to the Crown Prince by Royal Order. Article 66: If the King travels outside the Kingdom, he shall issue a Royal Order deputizing the Crown Prince to run the affairs of State and protect the People’s interests in the manner set forth in the Royal Order. 10 Article 67: The regulatory authority shall have the jurisdiction of formulating laws and rules conducive to the realization of the well-being or warding off harm to State affairs in accordance with the principles of the Islamic Shari‘ah. It shall exercise its jurisdiction in accordance with this Law, and Laws of the Council of Ministers and the Shura Council. Article 68: The Shura Council shall be established. Its Law shall set forth its formation, the exercising of its powers and the selection of its members The King may dissolve and reconstitute the Shura Council. Article 69: The King may summon the Shura Council and the Council of Ministers to a joint session. He may invite whomever he chooses to attend said sessions in order to discuss whatever matters the King chooses. Article 70: Laws, international treaties and agreements, and concessions shall be issued and amended by Royal Decrees. Article 71: Laws shall be published in the Official Gazette, and shall be effective on the date of publication unless another date is specified therein.
Part Seven Financial Affairs Article 72: (a) (b) The Law shall set forth the provisions governing State revenues and their delivery to the public treasury of the State. Revenues shall be recorded and disbursed in accordance with the rules prescribed by law. Article 73: No commitment may be made to pay funds out of the public treasury except in accordance with the provisions of the budget. If budgetary allocations do not cover such commitments, the commitment must be made by a Royal Decree. Article 74: State property may not be sold, leased, or disposed off except in accordance with the Law. 11 Article 75: The Law shall set forth provisions governing monetary and banking matters, as well as weights, scales, and measures. Article 76: The Law shall specify the fiscal year of the State. The budget shall be announced by a Royal Decree, and shall include estimates of revenue and expenditures for the year, not less than one month before the fiscal year begins.
If compelling reasons prevent its announcement and the new fiscal year begins, the budget of the previous year shall remain in force pending the announcement of the new budget. Article 77: The agency concerned shall prepare the closing accounts of the State for the fiscal year that ended and submit the same to the President of the Council of Ministers. Article 78: Budgets of agencies having a public juristic personality and their closing accounts shall be subject to the same provisions governing the budget and closing accounts of the State. Part Eight Auditing Agencies Article 79: All State revenues and disbursements as well as all movable and immovable property of the State shall be subject to subsequent audit. The proper use of these properties and protection of the same shall be ascertained and an annual report shall be submitted thereon to the President of the Council of Ministers. The Law shall specify the audit agency having jurisdiction in this matter as well as its chain of command and jurisdictions. Article 80:
Government agencies shall be monitored, and their proper administrative performance and enforcement of the laws shall be verified. Financial and administrative violations shall be investigated and an annual report thereon shall be submitted to the President of the Council of Ministers. The Law shall specify the agency having jurisdiction in this matter and its chain of command and jurisdictions. 12 Part Nine General Provisions Article 81: HCM 515 Laws of Saudi Arabia on Healthcare Paper
The enforcement of this Law shall not prejudice whatever treaties and agreements with states and international organizations and agencies to which the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is committed. Article 82: Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 7 herein, no provision of this Law may be suspended except on a temporary basis, in the manner set forth under the Law, at the time of war or during a declared state of emergency. Article 83: Amendment of this Law can only be made in the same manner of its promulgation.