Pharmacodynamics Papers

I want you to explore more about Pharmacodynamics (PD) and its relationship to Pharmacokinetics (PK) along with other topics discussed in this module. Part of learning is discovering more about a topic by researching, watching, consuming, and digesting new information.

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I want you to research the terms found in this module: PD, PK, receptor sites, efficacy, dose-response, loading doses, Cmax, curves, Tmax, half-life, clearance, agonists, antagonists, plasma, results – you can decide to research some, many, or all of these key topics. I want you to take me on a research journey with you. Tell me what term you started with, where did that term lead you, where did you go next, what did you learn along the way, where did you go (what did you research) after that? Let’s go on a trip.

I know some of you need a jumping-off point, and others are already researching. If you know what you’re going to do, or are at least ready to start, that’s fine – get going. If you want an example, keep reading.

While reading the module resources, I wanted to know more about ligands, receptors, and binding. I typed pharmacodynamics and ligand into the search engine. I found an article titled An overview of pharmacodynamic modeling, ligand-binding approach, and its application in clinical practice. I didn’t read too much of this article, it didn’t interest me, so I decided to search ligand binding and cardiovascular drugs since I want to do CV research. I next found an article titled Biased Ligands for Better Cardiovascular Drugs. (link attached). Immediately, GPCR were discussed, which I remember learning about in this module.

You may choose to present what you have learned in any way you prefer (PowerPoint, using an interactive presentation platform such as Prezi, Loom (recording a presentation), writing an essay, a detailed flow-chart or pictochart, creating a PowerPoint Poster (Google PPT science poster templates, or look here for other poster creation ideas)), but it should be detailed.

Why are we doing this? Well, as I mentioned in the first paragraph, learning is a journey. But more than that, in research, you will be given a study and not all of the details will make sense immediately. You will have to research a new type of drug, a new discovery, a recent diagnostic tool under study. Or, you may move into a new area of research and have more to learn about the diseases, medications, diagnostic tests, or treatment options available in this new area. Lastly, you will have to explain something about what you’ve learned (think about a new clinical trial, the rationale or background about the trial, or information about a new type of drug therapy) to a colleague or patient. This may be as part of a formal presentation, or just a quick explanation during a conversation. This assignment is a way to prepare you for future clinical presentations.

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition. Pharmacodynamics Papers

Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours. Pharmacodynamics Papers

Pharmacodynamics Papers