Literature Review Liliana Faura 1 Discussion

Introduction

The continued prevalence of type II diabetes has been blame d on sedentary lifestyle, but for a long time now, health experts have suggested dietary and lifestyle changes to reverse the trend, which may include but no limited to healthy eating and regular exercise. Scholars and clinicians have been evaluating the impact of the obesity on individuals and resources dedicated to curb the problem as not confined only to health impacts such as various types of diabetes and high-blood pressure, but also economic-wise. To shed more light on the issue of type II diabetes, this review compares the research questions, sample population, and limitation of various research studies regarding the topic of dietary and lifestyles changes for type 2 diabetic patients.

Comparison of Research Questions

According to Czupryniak et al (2010), the underlying question for the question is the impact of bariatric surgery on morbidly obese type II patients. However, as compared to Brun et al (2008), seek to answer the question of the targeted endurance training as weight reduction as well as fitness strategy on type II diabetic patients. Similarly, Umpierre (2011) seeks to determine the difference between physical activity exercise and structured exercise training on the regulation of glucose on type two patients. While prior scholars have dealt with lifestyles changes and surgery, Asemi et (2011) sought to answer the question of the impacts of “multispecies probiotic supplements on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, and oxidative stress in diabetic patients.” While surgery is not a common way of managing weight for diabetic patients Picot et al (2012) echoes Czupryniak et al (2010) in trying to answer the question of the effectiveness of bariatric surgery as a way of managing weight on diabetic patients. Evidently, both lifestyle and dietary changes are some of the strategies used to manage complications associated with type II diabetes but there are other uncongenial ways such as bariatric surgery to manage weight in diabetic patients.

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Comparison of Sample Populations

Picot et al (2012) searched 17 electronic sources, which is an according to the scholars, the meta-analysis was carried out strictly on studies that met criteria of the subject matter. Conversely Asemi et al (2013) randomly selected a sample size of 54 diabetic patients for their research. While the two studies use different reach methods, it is evident that quantitative research is more reliable in terms of sample size that qualitative research. Also, Brun and colleagues randomly selected 25 diabetic patients for their study, which pales only three (3) patients selected by Czupryniak and colleagues. Comparatively, Ninot et al (2011) randomly selected a total of 38 diabetic patients for their study, but the difference between this study and others is that, most of the selected patients were severely sick and hospitalized. It can, therefore, be posited that the study results differed with those with moderately-ill patients. Conversely, Rubino et al (2016) selected a total of 48 international scholars and clinician on their study on the effectiveness of bariatric surgery on type II diabetic patients, which is departure from previous studies which focused majorly on patients as population samples. Literature Review Liliana Faura 1 Discussion

Comparison of the Limitations of the Study

The study by Rubino and colleagues was limited by the fact that bariatric surgery is not yet included as one of the ways of helping patients with type 2 diabetes. According to the researchers, bariatric surgery could be effective in tackling obesity but there are reimbursement policies to support the same. Similarly, a study by Czupryniak and colleagues was limited experience on bariatric surgery, which according to the scholars has demonstrated unequivocal success in helping diabetic patients. Li et al (2012) study was limited by undefined difference in terms exercise duration and exercise duration. Also, Picot and colleagues’ study was limited by the accuracy of the electronic sources, which according to the scholars came from inconsistent citations. Studies such as Brun’s and colleagues were limited by the respondent bias, where in some instances, patients gave inaccurate responses to the questions.

Conclusion

Diabetes is an epidemic that continues that continue to overwhelm the health sector as well as ability to diagnose different types of the disease. While research has been focused on how to treat patients with diabetes, there are other complications, such as obesity, that require different approaches of treatment. Clinicians and scholars, however, recommend dietary and lifestyle changes as prevention measure, but recent development in the field of clinical medicine as focused bariatric surgery as one of the approaches of treating obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Hence, owing to the limited experience in the area, there is a need to advance research to explore the effectiveness of bariatric surgery on type II diabetic patients.

References

Asemi, Z., Zare, Z., Shakeri, H., Sabihi, S., & Esmaillzadeh, A. (2013). Effect of Multispecies Probiotic Supplements on Metabolic Profiles, hs-CRP, and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 63(1-2), 1–9. doi:10.1159/000349922

Brun, J.-F., Bordenave, S., Mercier, J., Jaussent, A., Picot, M.-C., & Préfaut, C. (2008). Cost-sparing effect of twice-weekly targeted endurance training in type 2 diabetics: A one-year controlled randomized trial. Diabetes & Metabolism, 34(3), 258–265. doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2008.01.010

Czupryniak, L., Wiszniewski, M., Szymański, D., Pawłowski, M., Loba, J., & Strzelczyk, J. (2010). Long-Term Results of Gastric Bypass Surgery in Morbidly Obese Type 1 Diabetes Patients. Obesity Surgery, 20(4), 506–508. doi:10.1007/s11695-010-0074-6

Li, J., Zhang, W., Guo, Q., Liu, X., Zhang, Q., Dong, R., … Yu, D. (2012). Duration of Exercise as a Key Determinant of Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 227(4), 289–296. doi:10.1620/tjem.227.289

Ninot, G., Moullec, G., Picot, M. C., Jaussent, A., Hayot, M., Desplan, M., … Prefaut, C. (2011). Cost-saving effect of supervised exercise associated to COPD self-management education program. Respiratory Medicine, 105(3), 377–385. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2010.10.002

Picot, J., Jones, J., Colquitt, J. L., Loveman, E., & Clegg, A. J. (2012). Weight Loss Surgery for Mild to Moderate Obesity: A Systematic Review and Economic Evaluation. Obesity Surgery, 22(9), 1496–1506. doi:10.1007/s11695-012-0679-z

Rubino, F., Nathan, D. M., Eckel, R. H., Schauer, P. R., Alberti, K. G. M. M., Zimmet, P. Z., … Cummings, D. E. (2016). Metabolic Surgery in the Treatment Algorithm for Type 2 Diabetes: A Joint Statement by International Diabetes Organizations. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 12(6), 1144–1162. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2016.05.018

Umpierre, D. (2011). Physical Activity Advice Only or Structured Exercise Training and Association With HbA1cLevels in Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA, 305(17), 1790. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.576

Literature Review Liliana Faura 1 Discussion