Advanced Pathophysiology Knowledge Checks.

Advanced Pathophysiology Knowledge Checks.

Advanced Pathophysiology Knowledge Checks.

QUESTION 1

1. A 67-year-old Caucasian woman was brought to the clinic by her son who stated that his mother had become slightly confused over the past several days. She had been stumbling at home and had fallen once but was able to ambulate with some difficulty. She had no other obvious problems and had been eating and drinking. The son became concerned when she forgot her son’s name, so he thought he better bring her to the clinic.
   

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   PMH-Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) with peripheral neuropathy x 20 years. COPD. Depression after death of spouse several months ago
   Social/family hx – non contributary except for 30 pack/year history tobacco use.
   Meds: Metformin 500 mg po BID, ASA 81 mg po qam, escitalopram (Lexapro) 5 mg po q am started 2 months ago
   Labs-CBC WNL; Chem 7- Glucose-92 mg/dl, BUN 18 mg/dl, Creatinine 1.1 mg/dl, Na+120 mmol/L,
   K+4.2 mmol/L, CO237 m mol/L, Cl-97 mmol/L.
   The APRN refers the patient to the ED and called endocrinology for a consult for diagnosis and management of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).

   Question:
   Define SIADH and identify any patient characteristics that may have contributed to the development of SIADH.

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1 points  

QUESTION 2

1. A 43-year-old female presents to the clinic with a chief complaint of fever, chills, nausea and vomiting and weakness. She has been unable to keep any food, liquids or medications down. The symptoms began 3 days ago and have not responded to ibuprofen, acetaminophen, or Nyquil when she tried to take them. The temperature has reached as high as 102˚F.

   Allergies: none known to drugs or food or environmental

   Medications-20 mg prednisone po qd, omeprazole 10 po qam

   PMH-significant for 20-year history of steroid dependent rheumatoid arthritis (RA). GERD. No other significant illnesses or surgeries.

   Social-denies alcohol, illicit drugs, vaping, tobacco use

   Physical exam

   Thin, ill appearing woman who is sitting in exam room chair as she said she was too weak to climb on the exam table. VS Temp 101.2˚F, BP 98/64, pulse 110, Resp 16, PaO2 96% on room air.

   ROS negatve other than GI symptoms.

   Based on the patient’s clinical presentation, the APRN diagnoses the patient as having secondary hypocortisolism due to the lack of prednisone the patient was taking for her RA secondary to vomiting.