Assignment: Staff shortage in nursing.

Shortage of nursing is a problem faced in nursing. Despite the fact that there still is a growing demand for nurses, hospitals are still facing staff shortage. Due to the demand for health care services, there is an increasing need for staff. Nurses are needed to educate and provide care to patients who suffer from chronic conditions like dementia, diabetes, arthritis, and obesity among others. Some of the factors that have resulted in a shortage of nursing faculty include; lateness in career development, low salaries, and the looming retirement of large numbers of currently employed staff – please cite your source here. Therefore, the factors contributing to nursing shortage include; workload and work environment, aging populating, an aging workforce, and hospitals acuity among others – please substantiate these statements with statistics and citation – academic papers need to be fact driven, otherwise clearly state that this is your opinion.

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The high mortality rate is caused by inadequate nurse services – it will be very important to cite your source here too. Due to the low staff in nursing, the present ones are overworked. This effect is spread to others and hence may result in errors. The overworking also may affect the staff since they may lose their morale in undertaking their care duties. The staff shortage in nursing also affects the quality of care. This is due to poor health care either due to overworking or lack of nurses – word choice – understaffing is a better choice. If the staff works as a team and it happens that some members are lacking, then the team may not function effectively .

PICOT question

P (patient/problem) – staff shortage in nursing levels – which area of nursing will you apply your practice change – will you be implementing change on the patient or the staffing side of things? This is very vaguely stated and needs to be significantly improved.

I (intervention) – lower nurse to patient ratios – what specific intervention are you proposing?

C (comparison) – higher nurse to patient ratios – how will this be implemented? Careful too, as increasing or decreasing patient ratios (when you have established in your previous narrative above that this leads to errors and poorer patient outcomes – may be considered unethical to do just for the sake of gathering data for research or EBP).

O (outcome) – patient safety and quality of care – what outcome will you measure that will indicate safety and quality?

T (time) – two years

How has staff shortage in nursing levels impacted nurse to patient ratios, patient safety, and quality of care in the last two years? – This is not a PICOT question, please revise in format and content.

Literature Evaluation Table

Student Name:

Summary of Clinical Issue (200-250 words):

PICOT Question: How has staff shortage in nursing levels impacted nurse to patient ratios, patient safety, and quality of care in the last two years?

Criteria	Article 1	Article 2	Article 3
APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink	Bradley, S., Kamwendo, F., Chipeta, E., Chimwaza, W., de Pinho, H., & McAuliffe, E. (2015). Too few staff, too many patients: a qualitative study of the impact on obstetric care providers and on quality of care in Malawi. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 15(1), 65. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4377843/	Zhu, J., Rodgers, S., & Melia, K. M. (2015). A qualitative exploration of nurses leaving nursing practice in China. Nursing open, 2(1), 3-13. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/nop2.11	Cox, P., Willis, W. K., & Coustasse, A. (2014). The American epidemic: The US nursing shortage and turnover problem. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/21d8/3d77233481b31852283688a9088c904b1158.pdf
How does the Article relate to the PICOT Question?	The article relates to the PICOT question as it discusses the impact of a few staff on the quality of care	The article relates to the PICOT question as it provides salient reasons as to why there is a shortage of nurses	The article relates to the PICOT question as it discusses the problem that the U.S. faced based on turnover and nursing shortage
Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know)	This article is qualitative research because the researcher is more immersed in the subject matter	This article is qualitative research because the author used interviews and observation to compile data	This article is qualitative research because the author has immersed more on the subject matter.
Purpose Statement	To expand the evidence base on the effective use of mid-level health workers in emergency obstetric and neonatal care, and to identify the factors that would optimize the retention of these cadres and support their performance. Please simplify the statement above as it reads more into the purpose of the study, which the authors state as: This paper explores the perceptions of EmOC providers in Malawi on the critical factors of staff shortages and workload in their health facilities	To provide a theoretical understanding of nurses leaving nursing practice by exploring the processes of decision‐making by registered nurses in China on existing clinical care.	To determine the root problems of nursing turnover and, to assess what factors are driving the nursing shortage issue facing the U.S.
Research question	What is the impact of a few staff on patient care? This is an inaccurate research question based on what the authors stated their aim and purpose were.	How do leavers describe their experiences of being a clinical nurse during their entering, practicing and leaving the nursing practice? How do they explain their reasons for leaving the nursing practice?	What is the root problems of nursing turnover and what factors drive the nursing shortage issue facing the U.S.
Outcome	Clinical worsening Please state (if applicable) the outcome the study measured/examined. Please modify your response to all of the articles, as it was not answered accurately. Assignment: Staff shortage in nursing.	High nursing turnover Please state (if applicable) the outcome the study measured/examined	Poor quality care Please state (if applicable) the outcome the study measured/examined
Setting (Where did the study take place?)	Healthcare setting in Malawi	Healthcare setting in China	Healthcare setting in the U.S.
Sample	Health workers	leavers with different years of work experiences in all areas of clinical care	Nursing staff – They did not interview or even sample nursing staff, please refer to the article to discuss what their data source was
Method	Interviews please specify what type of interviews these were	Interviews	literature research review of case studies and semi-structured interview
Key Findings of the study	Lack of flexibility, inadequate skill mix, and mortality and morbidity rates affect nursing rates These were not the themes the authors stated as their results.	The factors that may lead to the nursing shortage is the imbalance of power perceived by individual nurses These were not the themes identified by the authors in their study.	The solutions to nursing turnover are; increased education, fellowship programs, monetary incentives, legislation initiate, and web-based training. These read more than what the authors provided for key findings. Please state what the primary drivers of retention and turnover they actually stated in the article.
Recommendations of the researcher	Revising staffing norms according to demand	Choosing to nurse as a stepping stone to future careers This was not stated as a recommendation in the article itself.