Chapter 9: Planning For Community Change

Explain the planning process of community health improvement. Choose one of the models / tools for community health planning discussed in your book and explain it. (Please, mention which model / tool you chose).

At least 350 words.

All answers or discussions comments submitted must be in APA format according to Publication Manual American Psychological Association (APA) (6th ed.) 2009 ISBN: 978-1-4338-0561-5

· Minimum of two references, not older than 2015.

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Health planning at the state, national, and global levels

Social and environmental determinants of health

Social ecologic model and multilevel interventions

Community coalitions

Chapter Highlights #2

Health impact pyramid

Health equity and social justice

Lewin’s change theory, force field analysis, and levers of change

Logic models

Role of the community health worker

Chapter Highlights #3

Funding community health interventions

Evaluating community health interventions

Nurse-managed health centers

Question #1

Is the following statement true or false?

Health planning occurs on both an ongoing and an episodic basis.

Answer to Question #1

True

Rationale: The timing of health planning depends on the responsibilities of the planning agency, the type of assessment data, and the nature of the health problem.

Health Planning

Organized and systematic process in which problems are identified, priorities selected, and objectives set for the development of community health programs based on the findings of community health assessments and health surveillance data.

Common Themes

Common themes of current national and international health plans include providing health promotion and disease prevention at the population level, addressing social determinants of health, and achieving health equity.

Levels of Health Planning

Global

National and state levels

Healthy People 2020

National Prevention Strategy

State Departments of Public HealthChapter 9: Planning For Community Change

Community Health Improvement Planning Process

Systematic process that involves all sectors of a community to conduct a comprehensive community health assessment (CHA), identify priorities for action, develop and implement a community health improvement plan (CHIP), and guide future community decisions and resource allocations.

Community Assessment

Systematic process that may use several approaches including key informant interviews, analysis of data on health status and health behavior indicators, observation, and community surveys.

Systems Theory

Social systems engage in reciprocal exchange or flows of information, energy, resources, and goods or services. Systems within the community are interdependent and interconnected.

Working With the Community

Defining the population of interest

Coalitions

Stakeholders and opinion leaders

Social Ecologic Model

Based on general systems theory and health promotion theory

Multiple determinants of health interact at different levels to affect the health status of individual people, population aggregates, or communities.

Question #2

Is the following statement true or false?

The purpose of using levers of change is to decrease driving forces and/or to increase restraining forces.

Chapter 9: Planning For Community Change

Answer to Question #2

False

Rationale: The purpose of using levers of change is to increase driving forces and/or to decrease restraining forces.

Health Impact Pyramid

Useful framework for community health nurses when planning health promotion interventions at multiple levels

Multilevel Interventions

Multilevel interventions are needed to achieve change in complex community health conditions that have multiple determinants.