Community Preparedness: Disaster and Terrorism

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Community Preparedness: Disaster and Terrorism

Read chapters 20 of the class textbook and review the PowerPoint presentations located in the PowerPoint folder. Once done answer the following questions.

Identify and discuss disaster types.
Explain the disaster planning process and nursing participation.
Work on the following case studies;

A. Case Study # 1

As a county health department nurse, your supervisor has informed you that the local Emergency Management Team is issuing a warning of impending disaster as an F3 tornado is expected to hit your large, metropolitan city within the hour.

a. Which emergency measures would you expect to have already been in place?

b. What are your potential activities during each phase of the emergency management response?

B. Case Study # 2

A plane crashed while landing on the runway during a snowstorm. The plane was not able to stop in time and slipped off the end of the runway onto a busy interstate highway. Public health nurses were expected to respond to this disaster as well as many first responders. (Learning Objectives: 1, 2, 5)

a. What are the responsibilities of public health nurses in disaster management?

b. Public health nurses have been requested to use the START model to assess the cars involved in the plane crash on the highway. What is the START MODEL, and how are numbers assigned to the individuals?

c. The houses in a two-mile radius around the airport have been requested to evacuate the area because airplane fuel is leaking into the river located directly next to the airport. What guidelines should be considered for individuals requested to evacuate? Community Nursing Essay

d. When the public health nurses were color coding for prehospital triage, what do red and black color codes mean?

As stated in the syllabus present your assignment in an APA format word document, APA required font attach to the forum in the discussion tab/folder of the blackboard ultra and in the SafeAssign exercise located in the assignment folder of the blackboard ultra. A minimum of 3 evidence-based references no older than 5 years must be used A minimum of 800 words not to exceed 1,000 are required without counting the first and last page. Please make sure to follow the instructions as given and use either spell-check or Grammarly before you post your assignment. Community Preparedness: Disaster and Terrorism

Community Nursing Essay

chapter20.pptx

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Chapter 20: Community Preparedness: Disaster and Terrorism Chapter Highlights ❖ History of public health nurses and disaster response ❖ Types of disasters ❖ Disaster management ❖ Public health response ❖ Role and responsibility of nurses in disasters ❖ Classification of agents ❖ Field response ❖ Skill building for field activity Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Nursing Roles ❖ Nurses play an important role in all phases of disaster response. ❖ All practicing nurses should become familiar with disaster phases and their role during an event. ❖ Public health nurses practice principles of disaster response on a daily basis. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question #1 Is the following statement true or false? Disasters are considered events that require a swift, intense response on the part of existing community resources.

Answer to Question #1 False Rationale: Emergencies are considered events that require a swift, intense response on the part of existing community resources. Disasters are often unforeseen, serious, and unique events that disrupt essential community services and cause human morbidity and mortality that cannot be alleviated unless assistance is received from others outside the community.

Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Emergencies Emergencies are considered events that require a swift, intense response on the part of existing community resources. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Disasters Disasters vary by the following points: o The type of onset o The duration of the immediate crisis o The magnitude or scope of the incident o The extent to which the event affects the community Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Three Types of Disasters

❖ Natural ❖ Accidental ❖ Terrorism Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Disaster Management ❖ Preimpact ❖ Impact ❖ Postimpact Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Preparedness ❖ Although disasters do not occur with frequency, planning with vulnerability assessment can reduce the impact on the community ❖ Identification of hazards ❖ Analysis of vulnerability ❖ Assessment of risk ❖ National Response Framework Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Point‐of‐Distribution Plans ❖ Point of distribution (POD) Community Preparedness: Disaster and Terrorism

❖ Emergency Dispensing Site (EDS) Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question #2 Is the following statement true or false? All response begins at the state level, where the disaster management plan is implemented and responders are deployed. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Answer to Question #2 False Rationale: All response begins at the local level, where the disaster management plan is implemented and responders are deployed. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved MRC and CERT Groups ❖ Mitigation o PPE. Community Nursing

❖ Response o Incident command system ❖ Field triage o Mental health issues ❖ Recovery Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Roles of Nurses in Disaster Management ❖ Public health nurses as first responders ❖ Assess community needs as events unfold ❖ Conduct surveillance for communicable disease ❖ Prevent and control spread of disease ❖ Maintain communication channels ❖ Organize and manage PODs ❖ Provide on‐site triage as needed ❖ Manage behavioral responses to stress ❖ Ensure health and safety of self, colleagues, and public ❖ Document events and interventions Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Bioterrorism ❖ History ❖ Categories of bioterrorism agents o Can be easily disseminated or transmitted from person to person o Result in high mortality rates o Have the potential for major public health impact o Might cause public panic and social disruption and require special action for public health preparedness ❖ Detection Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Bioterrorism Agents ❖ Anthrax ❖ Botulism ❖ Plague ❖ Smallpox ❖ Tularemia ❖ Viral hemorrhagic fevers ❖ Ebola precautions Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer

· All Rights Reserved Chemical Disasters ❖ Unlike biologic agents, which require an incubation period before symptoms appear, a chemical agent, when released, makes its presence known immediately through observation (explosion), self‐admission (accidental), or the occurrence of rapidly emerging symptoms, such as burns, difficulty breathing, or convulsions. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Role of Nurses in a Chemical Disaster Stay or go, the evaluating factors include the following: o The hazardous material involved o The population threatened o The time span involved o The current and predicted weather conditions o The ability to communicate emergency information Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Shelter in Place Shelter in place is used for short‐duration incidents, when moving would result in a greater hazard or it is impractical to evacuate. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question #3 Is the following statement true or false? Evacuation, where people in a hospital or residential facility may be moved to another floor or area within the facility, may occur. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Answer to Question #3 False Rationale: Evacuation occurs when there is potential for massive explosions and fire as well as for long‐duration events. Invacuation occurs when people in a hospital or residential facility are moved to another floor or area within the facility. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Evacuation Community Preparedness: Disaster and Terrorism

❖ Evacuation occurs when there is potential for massive explosions and fire as well as for long‐duration events. ❖ Invacuation occurs when people in a hospital or residential facility are moved to another floor or area within the facility. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Radiologic Disasters The health outcome depends on the following: o The amount or dose of radiation absorbed o The type of radiation o The route of exposure o The length of time exposed to the dose Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Blast Injuries ❖ Explosions in confined spaces are associated with higher morbidity and mortality. ❖ Communication with victims may be difficult due to sudden temporary deafness. ❖ Many injuries are not life‐threatening due to blunt force trauma from flying debris. ❖ Open wounds have increased chance to become infected. ❖ Triage and lifesaving efforts should not be delayed because of the possibility of a dirty bomb detonation. ❖ Detailed assessments and on‐site evaluations are counterproductive to decreasing mortality Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Public Health Disaster Response ❖ Scope and magnitude of response ❖ Communication during a disaster ❖ Recovery and after‐action evaluation Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved.