Discussion: Patient Education
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r examples, which is represented by the letter “E” in the MEAL plan. An example of this component of the MEAL plan is actually (and ironically) this sentence, which provides an example of an example. Evidence can be in the form of expert opinions from research. For example, evidence shows that plagiarism can occur even when it is not intended if sources are not properly cited (Marsh, Landau, & Hicks, 1997; Walker, 2008). The previous sentence provides evidence supporting why evidence is used in a paragraph. Analysis, which is represented by the letter “A” of the MEAL plan, should be based on the author’s interpretation of the evidence. An effective analysis might include a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the arguments, as well as the author’s interpretations of the evidence and examples. If a quote is used, the author will likely provide an analysis of the quote and the specific point it makes for the author’s position. Without an analysis, the reader might not understand why the author discussed the information that the reader just read. For example, the previous sentence was an analysis by the author of why an analysis is performed when writing paragraphs in academic papers. APA STYLE PAPER TEMPLATE 7 Even with the first three elements of the MEAL plan, it would not be complete without the final component. The letter “L” of the MEAL plan refers to information that “links” the current and the subsequent paragraphs. The link helps the reader understand what will be discussed in the next paragraph. It summarizes the author’s reasoning and shows how the paragraph fits together and leads (that is, links) into the next section of the paper. For example, this sentence might explain that once the MEAL plan has been effectively used when writing the body of an academic paper, the final section is the summary and conclusion section. Summary and Conclusion A summary and conclusion section, which can also be the discussion section of an APA style paper, is the final opportunity for the author to make a lasting impression on the reader. The author can begin by restating opinions or positions and summarizing the most important points that have been presented in the paper. For example, this paper was written to demonstrate to readers how to effectively use APA style when writing academic papers. Various components of an APA style paper that were discussed or displayed in the form of examples include a running head, title page, introduction section, levels of section headings and their use, in-text citations, the MEAL plan, a conclusion, and the reference list. APA STYLE PAPER TEMPLATE 8 References American Psychological Association. (2010a). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. American Psychological Association. (2010b). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx Marsh, R. L., Landau, J. D., & Hicks, J. L. (1997). Contributions of inadequate source monitoring to unconscious plagiarism during idea generation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23(4), 886–897. doi: 10.1037/02787393.23.4.886 Walker, A. L. (2008). Preventing unintentional plagiarism: A method for strengthening paraphrasing skills. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 35(4), 387–395. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/213904438?accountid=27965 Always begin a reference list on a new page. Use a hanging indent after the first line of each reference. The reference list is in alphabetical order by first author’s last name. A reference list only contains sources that are cited in the body of the paper, and all sources cited in the body of the paper must be contained in the reference list. The reference list above contains an example of how to cite a source when two documents are written in the same year by the same author. The year is also displayed using this method for the corresponding in-text citations as in the next sentence. The author of the first citation (American Psychological Association, 2010a) is also the publisher, therefore, the word “Author” is used in place of the publisher’s name. When a digital object identifier (DOI) is available for a journal article, it should be placed at the end of the citation. If a DOI is not available, a uniform resource locator (URL) should be used. The Marsh, Landau, and Hicks (1997) reference is an example of how to cite a source using a DOI. The Walker (2008) reference is an example of how to cite a source using a URL. 12/2/2018 Patient Education Scoring Guide Patient Education Scoring Guide CRITERIA NON-PERFORMANCE BASIC PROFICIENT DISTINGUISHED Explain the appropriate use of a medication. Does not explain the appropriate use of a medication. Explains the use of a Explains the medication, but the appropriate use explanation is of a medication. inaccurate or not appropriate for the medication. Identify specific factors that may affect the efficacy of a medication. Does not identify specific factors that may affect the efficacy of a medication. Lists factors that may affect a medication, but the list is incomplete or does not relate to the efficacy of the medication. Identifies specific Explains how specific factors factors that may may affect the efficacy of a affect the efficacy medication. of a medication. Describe possible chemical reactions, side effects, or other negative reactions a patient may experience from a medication. Does not describe possible chemical reactions, side effects, or other negative reactions a patient may experience from a medication. Lists possible chemical reactions, side effects, or other negative reactions a patient may experience from a medication. Describes possible chemical reactions, side effects, or other negative reactions a patient may experience from a medication. Discussion: Patient Education
Describes possible chemical reactions, side effects, or other negative reactions a patient may experience from a medication and explains the actions a patient should take. Explain correct handling, storage, and disposal of a medication. Does not explain correct handling, storage, and disposal of a medication. Explains handling, storage, and disposal of a medication, but the explanation is inaccurate or incomplete. Explains correct handling, storage, and disposal of a medication. Explains correct handling, storage, and disposal of a medication and includes a brief rationale of why these instructions are important. Explain how a patient education tool promotes patient safety related to pharmacology. Does not explain how a patient education tool promotes patient safety related to pharmacology. Explains the use of a patient education tool but does not associate the tool with patient safety. Explains how a patient education tool promotes patient safety related to pharmacology. Explains how a patient education tool promotes patient safety related to pharmacology and how the tool benefits both patients and nurses. Explain how a patient education tool adheres to the principles and practices of cultural competence. Does not explain how a patient education tool adheres to the principles and practices of cultural competence. Discussion: Patient Education
Explains how a patient education tool adheres to the principles and practices of cultural competence, but the explanation is missing key elements. Explains how a patient education tool adheres to the principles and practices of cultural competence. Explains how a patient education tool adheres to the principles and practices of cultural competence, including differences of gender and age, and describes how the tool could be modified for other individual differences. Write content clearly and logically with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics. Does not write content clearly, logically, or with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics. Writes with errors in clarity, logic, grammar, punctuation, or mechanics. Writes content clearly and logically with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics. Writes clearly and logically with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics; uses relevant evidence to support a central idea. Explains the appropriate use of a medication and the importance of following the instructions in terms of quality patient outcomes. Discussion: Patient Education https://courserooma.capella.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/BSN-FP/BSN-FP4016/160105/Scoring_Guides/u02a1_scoring_guide.html 1/2 12/2/2018 Patient Education Scoring Guide CRITERIA NON-PERFORMANCE BASIC PROFICIENT DISTINGUISHED Correctly format paper, citations, and references using current APA style. Does not correctly format paper, citations, and references using current APA style. Uses current APA to format paper, citations, and references but with numerous errors. Correctly formats paper, citations, and references using current APA style with few errors. Correctly formats paper, citations, and references with no errors. https://courserooma.capella.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/BSN-FP/BSN-FP4016/160105/Scoring_Guides/u02a1_scoring_guide.html 2/2 … Discussion: Patient Education