Elderly Patients Suffering from Chronic Illnesses

Running Header: Research Paper 1 Research Paper Student’s name Professor’s Name Date 1 Research Paper 2 Introduction The paper explores the continuity of care provided to older adults with a chronic condition who face other risks factors such as social barriers, difficulties in managing their healthcare needs, as well as challenges in carrying out daily activities, especially during acute illness. The need to recognize and determine the efficient strategies to improve continuity of care provided to older adults and the outcomes to the health and care for older adults is critical and essential. Transitional care model (Nursing) is a nurse intervention that focuses on older adults who face high risks of deprived healthcare provided during the healthcare journey. Transitional care is a model that has been able to effectively and consistently able to address the problem of poor health care service provided to older adults at the same time as at the reduce the cost of healthcare services. The article provides a detailed analysis of the problem based on Transitional nursing and the problem of continuity of care. The article further expands on the measure the transitional nursing and its impact on the continuity of care. Identifying the Problem Among over 20 million Medicare beneficial, more than 40% have a chronic condition. For older adults who suffer from a chronic condition, other risks such as social barriers or functioning deficits add to the difficulty in providing their health care needs. Besides of the frequent episodes of the illness, the older adults compared to other chronic condition patients, these patients experience a higher rate of healthcare services such as emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and physicians which adds to their health care costs. Research from various studies has proven that poor healthcare provided to older adults often results in too devastating economic and human problems. Such problem associated with the poorly managed Research Paper 3 health care provided among the older adults including; inadequate communication, poor continuity of care, poor patients’ engagement, poor follow up, inadequate collaboration among patients and the health care providers, and gaps that exist as patients move between hospitalizations as well as care settings. Limited hospitalization and poor follows up are among the most troublesome consequences. Though some re-hospitalizations are necessary and cannot be avoided, 20% of those faced by older patients are estimated to be preventable if well care and managed for. Moreover, to the human burden, the societal costs related to older adults’ health care services are significant. Studies indicate that health care services provided for medical beneficiaries with five or more chronic conditions make up of about 74% of the total health care cost spent. The majority of these costs are as a result of high rates of avoidable hospitalizations. Healthcare providers, who focus on continuity of care such as transitional nursing aims at enhancing patient’s experience, reduce health care cost, increase population health. Elderly Patients Suffering from Chronic Illnesses

Particularly, transitional nursing which is set of limited services that are provided during an acute illness episode across healthcare settings has been recognized as an efficient approach to improve and manage health care services provided to older adults. Evidence-based show that the transitional care model has consistently proven to be efficient in enhancing economic and health outcomes for older patients. This article addresses the issues of older patients who experience poor health service and settings, and the various ways in which the issues can be solved to ensure better service provided. Significance of the Problem In recent years there have been increased issues of poor health care provided to older adults with chronic illness. Due to this, there have been numerous models that target to resolve the issues such as the transitional care model which is a nurse based model that targets to provide Research Paper 4 efficient health care service to older adults with chronic illness. The issues are significant to nursing as it threatens the ability of healthcare nurses to meet the ethical requirement and role for providing basic health care. The increased number of older patients with chronic illness who are at a high risk of facing other risks factors pose a significant threat to health care services systems. The problem is significant in nursing in various ways: Managing healthcare service provided to older adults, improves health outcomes, patients’ experiences and enhances better use of the available resources. Health care service provided to older adults includes a range of services aimed to ensure the continuity of care for older adults across multiple healthcare teams and healthcare settings like homes to hospitals. Nursing as a professional should present policy, practice, and research that can address the issues. Most older adults with a chronic condition who require to transit from one health care setting to another normally experiences risks of poor outcomes as they move between various settings to health care providers. In the recent years, there have been increased cases of older adults too with a chronic condition to transit to various settings because of other risks such as a frequent episode of acute illness, for nursing, rehabilitative and medical before they transit again to home. Properly and efficient health care duri ng the older adults transition from one health care settings to another to enhances their health outcomes. Elderly Patients Suffering from Chronic Illnesses

Purpose To identify the reason for poor health care outcomes: studies indicate that most older adults who move between health care settings for medical and other health care services experience poor health outcomes during their transit. Dependence on others, low socioeconomic status, and advances ages play a significant role in the vulnerability for the poor outcomes. Research Paper 5 Patient and their caregivers often have a burden to self- manage health tasks, such as taking the correct medications, monitoring changes, medical treatments and managing follows ups. Besides, the paper aims to identify ways in which poor health care outcomes can be enhanced and improved to ensure that older adults receive better health care outcomes. Properly and efficient health care during the older adults transition from one health care settings to another to enhances their health outcomes. Research Questions 1. Are health care providers prepared and ready to provide sufficient service to the older adult with a chronic condition? 2. What are the major factors that lead to poor health care outcomes? 3. What are the best ways in which health care providers can deal with poor outcomes? 4. How could the transitional nursing be allied with transitional care model to ensure enhanced health outcome? 5. In nursing professions, what contents are provided to ensure efficient care to order adults with chronic disease? 6. As a nurse, what are some of the challenges that one may faces when providing care to an older person with a chronic condition? Masters Essential The enhanced incidence of chronic disease requires healthcare services to come up with creative and enhanced alternatives that focus on prevention, disability mitigation and resource reduction, as well as stronger results for disease management. Unless the spiraling expense of Research Paper 6 chronic disease can be kept in check, a sustainable healthcare system can never be developed. The proportion of healthcare spending to GDP for state budgets is untenable. Also, the pension sector faces crippling expenses of mortality minus 10 years with the earlier method used, being challenged as life expectancy rises and individuals live much longer with often various acute long-term circumstances. Social and political opinions on the right to wellness facilities are changing with finances under stress. For instance, in Germany, the healthcare access is restricted by the asylum system for those coming into the country, and the percentage of visits to a healthcare professional (HCP) in that year, is also constrained for the general population. Early study indicates that it has prompted individuals to thoroughly think when to get medical help and also when to handle their disease themselves. Elderly Patients Suffering from Chronic Illnesses

Conclusion Dependence to others, low socioeconomic status, and advances ages, as well as who face other risks factors such as social barriers, difficulties in managing their healthcare needs, as well as challenges in carrying out daily activities, especially during acute illness are among the major reasons for poor health care outcomes. The paper suggests that older patients and their caregivers may often not be fully ready for transitions to home. It also suggests that older patients with chronic conditions would greatly benefit from a well managed transitional care services, which are designed to provide better coordination between older patients and health care providers and ensure between continuity of care to the older patient as their move between different health care settings and providers. Though, there have been numerous improvements with the continuity of care provided to an older patient, such as transitional care model that aims at address the problem of poor health care service provided to older adults; more research is needed to identify the reasons of the poor health outcomes during transition to various health settings and providers. Research Paper 7 References Brown, M. M. (2018). Transitions of care . Jacquiline Allene Rn, A. M. (2019). Health Expectation. User experience and care for older people transitioning from hospital to home: Patients’ and carers’ perspectives . Karen B, H. M. (2019). Journal of Applied Gerontology. What Predicts Health Care Transitions for Older Adults Following Introduction of LTSS? Kim J. Verhaegh, J. L. (2014). Health affairs . Transitional Care Interventions Prevent Hospital Readmissions For Adults With Chronic Illnesses . Sarah B. Cairo, P. P. (2017). Transitions in care from pediatric to adult general surgery: Evaluating an unmet need for patients with anorectal malformation and Hirschsprung disease. SYLLABUS COURSE NUMBER: NGR 5110 COURSE TITLE: Nursing Research COURSE CREDITS: 3 credits PREREQUISITES: See student handbook INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Hirigoyen Jorge INSTRUCTOR’S EMAIL: Please email me with any concerns Jhirigoyenjr@fnu.edu. DO not use blackboard to send messages SEMESTER: Fall 2019 VIRTUAL MEETINGS: By appointment 1. Text and Materials: Ruth M. Tappen. (2015). Nursing Research. Advanced Nursing Research: From Theory to Practice. (2nd ed.). ISBN-13: 9781284048308. ISBN-10: 1284048306. Elderly Patients Suffering from Chronic Illnesses

Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning Publication Manual American Psychological Association (APA) (6th ed.). 2009 ISBN: 978-1-4338-0561-5 2. Course Description: This course examines the relationship of research and practice and the use of data as a basis for decision-making. Various approaches to the research process are explored. Ethical considerations in research are presented. 3. Learning Outcomes: a. Upon successful completion of this class, the MSN student will be able to gain understanding of essential steps of the planning phase to conduct a research study: topic selection, literature review, relationship between theory and research, and the developmental stages of theory (AACN Essentials I, II, IV, V, VI, and VIII). b. Upon successful completion of this course, the MSN student will be able to understand the necessary steps to conduct a nursing research: study design, type of study, research ethics, data collection, data analysis, implementation, and interpretation phase (AACN Essentials I, II, IV, V, VI, and VIII). c. Upon successful completion of this course, the MSN student will be able to demonstrate the ability to use the complex steps of the reporting phase: presenting research findings, preparing research proposals, publishing results, and using evidence-based practice (AACN Essentials I, II, IV, V, VI, and VIII). 1. Objectives a. The student will be able to identify research topics, review the literature, and interpret the developmental stages of theories (Descriptive/Explanatory/Predictive), and use a selected research article to test a theory as related to nursing practice. b. The student will be able to apply knowledge of research methods to analyze, critique, and interpret research using the design and implementation phase of selected studies that are relevant to nursing practice c. The student will be able to apply knowledge of research methods to analyze, critique, and interpret research using the design and implementation phase of selected studies that are relevant to nursing practice d. The student will be able to distinguish type of studies Elderly Patients Suffering from Chronic Illnesses (Qualitative/Quantitative/Experimental/Descriptive/Epidemiological/and Longitudinal) by interpreting scholarly articles. e. The student will be able to demonstrate knowledge of the reporting phase of nursing research by preparing a research proposal using a poster or a virtual presentation. f. The student will be able to conduct an individual research by writing a paper based on a research proposal reflecting evidence-based nursing practice. 4. Course Requirements · Assignments: (Please also refer to assignment section in Blackboard) Library Assignment # Elderly Patients Suffering from Chronic Illnesses

1: AACN Essential Paper: due at end of we ek 3 The purpose of this assignment is to provide a concise description and appraisal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) Essentials of master’s Education in Nursing. Following APA guideline, provide a brief explanation on each of the essentials reflecting on each essential affects the clinical practice and the author’s interpretation on each essential. Make sure to include a (Title page, abstract, introduction, body, conclusion, and reference page). Please submit it via Turnitin by the end of Week 3. This assignment is 10 points. This will be considered a Library Assignment as you will need to visit the library to obtain information. Title Page: Title of article, journal information and your name and date Abstract: Brief summary of article (1-2 paragraphs) The Problem: (2 or 3 paragraphs) 1 point 1 points 3 points Is the problem clearly stated? Is the problem practically important? What is the purpose of the study? What is the hypothesis? Are the key terms defined? Review of Literature: (1 -2 paragraphs) Are the cited sources pertinent to the study? Is the review too broad or too narrow? Are the references recent? Is there any evidence of bias? 2 points Your score Design and Procedures: (3-4 paragraphs) 3 points What research methodology was used? Was it a replica study or an original study? What measurement tools were used? How were the procedures structures? Was a pilot study conducted? What are the variables? How was sampling performed? Data analysis and Presentation: (1 – 2 paragraphs) 2 points How was data analyzed? Did findings support the hypothesis and purpose? Were weaknesses and problems discussed? Conclusions and Implications: (2-3 paragraphs) 3 points Are the conclusions of the study related to the original purpose? Were the implications discussed? Whom the results and conclusions will affect? What recommendations were made at the conclusion? What is your overall assessment of the study and the article? Total 15 points (100%) Grade 5. Library Assignment: For this course, students will be required to utilize the university’s library on-campus and online resources to conduct research and analyses of nursing theories and the MSN Essentials. Students will need to routinely cite scholarly sources in all course assignments to include weekly discussions, formal papers and presentations. Such online resources available via the university library include search engines such as CINAHL, PsychInfo, Medline, and PubMed. Students will be required to utilize such sources to obtain peer-reviewed articles for reference in all course assignments. Elderly Patients Suffering from Chronic Illnesses

The required assignments will be discussed throughout the semester giving adequate time for questions and clarification prior to the date that assignments are due. Specific rubrics for each assignment are posted in the course syllabus and will also be posted on Blackboard. All assignments must follow APA 6th edition format. # 2 Research Paper Research Paper: Students this project will allow you to formulate and hypothetically develop your own research project. The purpose of this project is for the student to complete all the different steps necessary to implement a nursing research project. This project will be subdivided into 4 different papers that will be submitted throughout the entire semester. The final paper will be the combination of the four areas. This will be considered a Library Assignment as you will need to visit the library to obtain information. Phase 1-Planning (Due by WEEK 4): Phase 1 is the planning stage of a research project; students are to prepare a 4-5 page paper identifying a specific topic that you would like to investigates and relates to transitional nursing. You will provide a brief introduction of the situation utilizing published nursing research articles to support your statement. This paper will also include 1- Introduction to the Problem 2- Clearly Identify the Problem 3- Significance of the problem to Nursing 4- Purpose of the research 5- Research questions 6- Master’s Essentials that aligned with your topic Outstanding Very Good Good Unacceptable 4 points The paper demonstrates that the author fully understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. Concepts are integrated into the writer’s own insights. The writer provides concluding remarks that show analysis and synthesis of ideas The topic is focused narrowly enough for the scope of this assignment. A thesis statement provides direction for the paper, either by statement of a position or hypothesis In-depth discussion and elaboration in all sections of the paper. 3 points The paper demonstrates that the author, for the most part, understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. Some of the conclusions, however, are not supported in the body of the paper 2 Points The paper demonstrates that the author, to a certain extent, understands and has applied concepts learned in the course 1 point The paper does not demonstrate that the author has fully understood and applied concepts learned in the course. The topic is focused but lacks direction. The paper is about a specific topic but the writer has not established a position. Elderly Patients Suffering from Chronic Illnesses

The topic is too broad for the scope of this assignment. The topic is not clearly defined In-depth discussion and elaboration in most sections of the paper. Cursory discussion in all the sections of the paper or brief discussion in only a few sections Cohesiveness 12.5% Ties together information from all sources. Paper flows from one issue to the next without the need for headings. Author’s writing demonstrates an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources For the most part, ties together information from all sources. Paper flows with only some disjointedness. Author’s writing demonstrates an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources. Spelling and Grammar 12.5% Sources 12.5% Minimal spelling and/or grammar mistakes Some spelling and or grammar mistakes. The writer has omitted pertinent content. Quotations from others outweigh the writer’s own ideas excessively. Sometimes ties together information from all sources. Paper does not flow. Disjointedness is apparent. Author’s writing does not demonstrate an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources. Noticeable spelling and grammar mistakes. More than 5 … Elderly Patients Suffering from Chronic Illnesses