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Health Psychology Cognitive & Behavioral Intervention

Health Psychology Cognitive & Behavioral Intervention

ORDER CUSTOM, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPERS ON  Health Psychology Cognitive & Behavioral Intervention 

Final: Cognitive/Behavioral Intervention

As a health psychology professional, populations of individuals count on you for health related information to improve their lives. Understanding health issues and traditional and non-traditional treatment, while assessing and addressing individual perceptions, attitudes, cultures, and health practices can positively affect the health of populations. Consider how traditional medicine rarely takes into account an individual’s perceptions and cultural practices when treating disease. How might these considerations influence the effectiveness of these treatments? For treatments that involve thought processes and behaviors their effectiveness might rely on other factors.

For this Assignment, revise Part One of your Final Project from Week 5 based on the Instructor feedback you received. Then, for Part Two of your Final Project, select four to six cognitive/behavioral interventions that you believe might be applicable to the disease you selected in Part One of your Final Project.

The Assignment (Part One and Part Two: 12–16 pages):

Submit an APA-formatted essay that includes the following:

  • A description of the cognitive/behavioral interventions you selected
  • An explanation of why these interventions would be appropriate for the disease you selected from Part One of the Final Project
  • An explanation of how the effectiveness of these interventions might vary based on a population or other factors
  • An explanation of how you might use each cognitive/behavioral intervention as a treatment, and why
  • An explanation of the strategies you might use to educate populations about the role of cognitive/behavioral interventions in preventing and assisting in the treatment of disease

Be sure to submit your revised Part One of the Final Project with Part Two of the Final Project. Also be sure to revise the abstract and reference pages to include the findings and references for Part Two of your Final Project.

READINGS

  • Abourjaily, P. (1999). Feverfew: A Practical Review. Nutrition in Clinical Care, 2(2), 87–94.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Barrett, L. F. (2009). The future of psychology: Connecting mind to brain. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(4), 326–339.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Bryant, R. A., Moulds, M. L., Guthrie, R. M., & Nixon, R. D. V. (2005). The additive benefit of hypnosis and cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating acute stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(2), 334–340.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Halsband, U., Mueller, S., Hinterberger, T., & Strickner, S. (2009). Plasticity changes in the brain in hypnosis and meditation. Contemporary Hypnosis, 26(4), 194–215.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • How the gut was won: A probiotics roundtable (Cover story). (2011). Functional Ingredients, 107, 30–36.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Irwin, M. R., Olmstead, R., & Oxman, M. N. (2007). Augmenting immune responses to Varicella Zoster virus in older adults: A randomized, controlled trial of Tai Chi. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 55(4), 511–517.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2009). Psychoneuroimmunology: Psychology’s gateway to biomedical future.Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(4), 367–369.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Matchim, Y., & Armer, J. M. (2007). Measuring the psychological impact of mindfulness meditation on health among patients with cancer: A literature review. Oncology Nursing Forum, 34(5), 1059–1066.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Motivala, S. J., Sollers, J., Thayer, J., & Irwin, M. R. (2006). Tai Chi Chih acutely decreases sympathetic nervous system activity in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology, 61A(11), 1177–1180.
    Tai Chi Chih acutely decreases sympathetic nervous system activity in older adults by Motivala, S. J. et al in The Journals of Gerontology, 61A(11). Copyright 2006 by Oxford University Press. Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press via the Copyright Clearance Center.
  • Sharma, H., Chandola, H. M., Singh, G., & Basisht, G. (2007). Utilization of ayurveda in health care: An approach for prevention, health promotion, and treatment of disease. Part 1—Ayurveda, the science of life. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 13(9), 1011–1020.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Weichselbaum, E. (2009). Probiotics and health: A review of the evidence. Nutrition Bulletin, 34(4), 340–373.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Witek-Janusek, L., Albuquerque, K., Chroniak, K. R., Chroniak, C., Durazo-Arvizu, R., & Mathews, H. L. (2008). Effect of mindfulness based stress reduction on immune function, quality of life and coping in women newly diagnosed with early stage breast cancer. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 22(6), 969–981.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. (2008). What is complementary and alternative medicine? Retrieved from Health Psychology Cognitive & Behavioral Intervention http://nccam.nih.gov/health/whatiscam 

MEDIA

  • Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). Chronic Diseases. Baltimore, MD: Author.

    Please click on the following link for the transcript: Transcript (PDF).

Optional Resources

  • Cho, W. C., Yue, K. K., & Leung, A. W.(2005). An outline of diabetes mellitus and its treatment by traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture. Journal of Chinese Medicine, 78, 33–41.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Integrative Medicine Blog. (2010, Dec. 5). Psychoneuroimmunology and the future of medicine. Retrieved from http://integrativemedicineblog.com/2010/12/psychoneuroimmunology-the-future-of-medicine/
  • Robertshawe, P. (2007). Treating fibromyalgia with massage. Journal of the Australian Traditional-Medicine Society, 13(3), 151–154.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Share Guide: The Holistic Health Magazine and Resource Directory. (n. d.). Alternative medicine: A new understanding. Retrieved from http://www.shareguide.com/altmedicine.html
  • Sharma, H., Chandola, H. M., Singh, G., & Basisht, G. (2007). Utilization of ayurveda in health care: An approach for prevention, health promotion, and treatment of disease. Part 2—Ayurveda in primary health care. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 13(10), 1135–1150.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Wilson, D. R. (2012). Birthing traditions in Tibetan culture. International Journal of Childbirth Education, 27(1), 33–38.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Wilson, D. R. (2012). The use of acupuncture in the childbearing period. International Journal of Childbirth Education, 27(3) 50–56.
  • Wilson, D. R., & Dillard, D. M. (2012). Use of hypnosis in the childbearing year. International Journal of Childbirth Education, 27(3), 31–36.
  • World Health Organization. (n. d.). General guidelines for methodologies on research and evaluation of traditional medicine. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_EDM_TRM_2000.1.pdf

 

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Running Head: STRESS AND IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION RELATED TO DISEASES Part One: Stress and Immune Dysfunction Related to Diseases Rosalyn Moore September 25, 2019 1 STRESS AND IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION RELATED TO DISEASES 2 Part One: Stress and Immune Dysfunction Related to Diseases Introduction Stress and depression usually bring about negative implications on the health status of the affected parties. Sometimes, it is not possible to evade or reduce the risks of the occurrence of stress, especially for people suffering from chronic diseases. There are numerous strategies which have been proposed to overcome such problems, especially when it comes to handling anxiety and depression for the people suffering from chronic illnesses. However, such strategies, in the end, require adequate research to determine the level of depression which the target populations exhibit. The lack of such research may increase the risks of depression and hence reduced abilities to monitor and achieve the desired level of health as far as the management of the underlying conditions is concerned. Experts from multiple dimensions within the healthcare sector have carried out research aimed at determining the potential factors which could be used to maximize health outcomes of patients suffering from certain conditions such as asthma among others. Asthma acts as one of the most common conditions affecting millions of people across the globe. Managing stress and depression for patients suffering from such a condition may play a considerable role in the improvement of the chances of handling the disease. Experts believe that there exists a link between depression and chronic illnesses. People suffering from such diseases may exhibit diverse attributes such as mood disorders and depression as a result of the magnitude of their health status and the underlying conditions. Environmental and social factors are known to contribute broadly towards the escalation of depression and stress amongst such populations. It is, therefore, vital to evaluate the potential relationships between depression and the underlying chronic illnesses. The primary importance of such a platform is that it would, in the end, help to overcome some of the primary factors which in STRESS AND IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION RELATED TO DISEASES 3 the end bring about depression.
Overcoming these factors may increase the chances of achieving positive health outcomes for the affected populations. The selected disease In an attempt to evaluate the potential link between depression and chronic illness, this paper decides asthma. Asthma acts as amongst the most common conditions reported across the globe. Asthma is a condition which the airways of a person become swollen and inflamed, producing excess mucus. Such conditions and occurrences make it in the end, hard for the affected person to breathe properly. Depending on the extent of the infection, asthma can bring about adverse effects on the affected person. Some cases have been reported of people who have asthma being unable to undertake their day to day tasks. People who have asthma may, in the end, have limitations on the nature of activities to carry out and the areas or environments where they can work. In the worst cases, asthma can bring about lifethreatening incidents (Lambrecht & Hammad, 2015). Health Psychology Cognitive & Behavioral Intervention
Some of the effects which asthma bring to the affected populations revolve around coughing, chest pains and but not limited to increased whizzing. In most cases, people who have asthma are usually given rescue inhalers which in the end aid in making it easy to breathe. The people who have a long term asthma condition often require longer-acting inhalers. These inhalers are used as remedies to reduce the implications and magnitude of the associated symptoms. Additionally, in the worst-case scenario, people who have asthma are required to take oral steroids which, in the end, help in the reduction of the overall level of symptoms. The failure to address the symptoms associated with asthma may bring about diverse effects such as life-threatening attacks and eventually, death due to complications in breathing (Lambrecht & Hammad, 2012). It is, therefore, vital to develop the right measures, which, in the end, seek to eliminate the dangers associated with asthma and the underlying symptoms. STRESS AND IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION RELATED TO DISEASES 4 Diverse measures and interventions have been suggested over the years in an attempt to treat and manage asthma. Some of these interventions include the use of rescue inhalers. However, some conditions cannot be supported and prevented using rescue inhalers alone. Therefore, there is a need to understand the other interventions which are used in the management of the condition. In this case, self-care has been suggested as one of the measures which people suffering from asthma may need to take and consider. Self-care applies to the people who usually exhibit certain types of behaviour such as smoking and alcoholism. Smoking, in this case, increases the level of severity of the condition since it affects the breathing systems of the underlying populations. On the same note, supportive care has been suggested as another form of intervention for the people who have asthma.
The effectiveness of oxygen therapy is based on the severity of the condition. In most cases, oxygen therapy is usually administered for admitted people who exhibit severe conditions. The other intervention is through the use of various types of medications. Health Psychology Cognitive & Behavioral Intervention
People who have asthma are required to take oral steroids, anti-inflammatory medicine and but not limited to bronchodilator. These interventions have been considered as the best ways of the management of asthma amongst the affected populations. One of the areas, however, which have not yet been explored fully is the relationships or roles played by depression in the overall safety and health of the people who have asthma. Relationship between depression and the disease selected Depression acts as one of the most common conditions which have affected millions of people across the globe. Depression has been linked to many situations, such as emotional disturbances and prolonged stress. It is important to note that the failure to maintain depression amongst the affected population may increase the risks of suffering or contracting additional diseases such as high blood pressure. Understanding the relationship between depression and asthma may play a crucial role in the development of the right forms of STRESS AND IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION RELATED TO DISEASES 5 interventions to use in the long run. The management of asthma may be achieved through the evaluation of the roles which stress and depression play when it comes to the immune response which the affected parties exhibited. According to research carried out by Vieira, Santoro, Dracoulakis, Caetano & Fernandes (2011), there exists a link and association between depression, stress or even anxiety and asthma. The study, in this case, involved the segmentation of asthma patients into two different groups. The first group, which was the experimental team comprised of uncontrolled asthma patients. The control group was controlled, asthma patients. According to the authors, the prevalence and severity of asthma amongst the unchecked group were higher as compared to the control team. This research shows that the lack of treatment of depression and anxiety plays a crucial role in increasing the severity of asthma amongst the affected populations.
Further, the uncontrolled group showed that the people suffering from asthma usually require the use of the right measures, which in the end may reduce the implications of the effects of the conditions. The study confirmed that the people who had uncontrolled asthma reported a high level of depression and anxiety with time. As opposed, the team with controlled asthma reported reduced levels of anxiety and depression, in the long run, resulting in the conclusion made above. The implications of this study claim that when it comes to the treatment of asthma, it is essential to consider the impact of stress and the emotional changes which the patients exhibit. Failing to consider the psychological changes which the patients’ presentation, in the long run, may lead to uncontrolled levels of asthma which in most cases may result in adverse effects. A similar study was carried out by Ahmedani, Peterson, Wells & Williams, (2013). The study bin this context focused on the evaluation of the potential relationship between depression among patients suffering from asthma. The study claimed that the people STRESS AND IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION RELATED TO DISEASES 6 suffering from asthma and depression stood at a chance of exhibiting and reporting increased cases of emergency department visits and the use of oral steroids. Health Psychology Cognitive & Behavioral Intervention
Such traits have been associated with the elevated levels of anxiety which the people diagnosed with asthma exhibit in the long run. Another study published by Gerald & Moreno (2016) claims that there is a misunderstanding and confusion when it comes to the aspects of defining the general relationship between depression and asthma. In this case, the study claims that depression has been associated with the incidence of asthma. Early exposure to environmental factors which promote stress has been seen as one of the factors which result in depression and hence asthma. Immune dysfunction or imbalance for the disease.` When it comes to the management of depression for the patients suffering from asthma, it is essential to note that the drugs used in the process play a crucial role in determining the overall outcome in the long run. The success of the treatment processes and approaches used in this case may depend mainly on the nature of treatments used. For instance, a study completed by Ahmedani, Peterson, Wells & Williams, (2013) claims that the patients in an experiment which involved two groups of patients that the people who were treated with antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs exhibited a high risk of visiting the emergency department as compared to the others. In this context, the results of this study show that the treatment of depression and anxiety for the people suffering from asthma may bring about complications and hence amounting to immune dysfunction. The prevalence of asthma has been associated with the level of severity which a patient may exhibit in the long run. However, the lack of consideration of the behaviour of the immune system when it comes to the treatment of depression for the people suffering from asthma may bring about STRESS AND IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION RELATED TO DISEASES 7 increased risks of health outcomes for the affected parties. The reception of the drugs used to manage and contain depression for the patients diagnosed with asthma is different as compared to the other people who are not suffering from the condition. The research, in this case, concludes that it is worth to understand the comorbidity of these conditions, especially when it comes to asthma and depression. Understanding the occurrence of asthma for the people suffering from depression may play a crucial role in the determination of the most effective and reliable treatment approaches to use in the long run. Influences of stress in response to the selected disease One of the problems which people suffering from asthma exhibit includes increased and elevated heart rates. In this context, people suffering from asthma may exhibit increased heart rates, especially when a mild attack sets in. Stress, on the other hand, helps the body to release adrenaline. Health Psychology Cognitive & Behavioral Intervention
The release of adrenaline from the body into the bloodstreams raises the overall activity of the internal organs.in this case, the strain which the circulatory system achieves after an incident involving stress further raises the heart rate of the affected person. Such a situation increases the risks of asthma attacks for the affected patients (Yonas, Lange & Celedón, 2012). However, reduced stress levels result in the production of a hormone by the name cortisol. This hormone is essentials in that it aids in the improvement of the overall levels of immunity for the affected parties making it easy to fight infections which may arise (Dhabhar, 2014). On the other hand, prolonged stress which leads to depression helps in reducing the volume of white blood cells. White blood cells are essential in the management of asthma. Reduced white blood cells, in this case, affect the ability of the body to fight asthma and to provide the required level of immune support. STRESS AND IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION RELATED TO DISEASES 8 References Gerald, J. K., & Moreno, F. A. (2016). Asthma and depression: it’s complicated. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 4(1), 74-75. Ahmedani, B. K., Peterson, E. L., Wells, K. E., & Williams, L. K. (2013). Examining the relationship between depression and asthma exacerbations in a prospective follow-up study. Psychosomatic medicine, 75(3), 305. Vieira, A. A., Santoro, I. L., Dracoulakis, S., Caetano, L. B., & Fernandes, A. L. G. (2011). Anxiety and depression in asthma patients: impact on asthma control. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, 37(1), 13-18. Yonas, M. A., Lange, N. E., & Celedón, J. C. (2012). Psychosocial stress and asthma morbidity. Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology, 12(2), 202. Dhabhar, F. S. (2014). Effects of stress on immune function: the good, the bad, and the beautiful. Immunologic research, 58(2-3), 193-210. Lambrecht, B. N., & Hammad, H. (2015). The immunology of asthma. Nature i Health Psychology Cognitive & Behavioral Intervention