Population Health Planned Intervention and Christian Worldview

Annotated Bibliography Ayers, J. W., Westmaas, J. L., Leas, E. C., Benton, A., Chen, Y., Dredze, M., & Althouse, B. M. (2016). Leveraging Big Data to Improve Health Awareness Campaigns: A Novel Evaluation of the Great American Smokeout. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 2(1), e16. https://doi.org/10.2196/publichealth.5304 The authors aim to determine the effectiveness of awareness campaigns. They do this by observing cessation related news reports, Twitter postings, cessation related google searches, Wikipedia, and government sponsored quit lines. The Great American Smokeout, which is an annual event that encourages and offers support to smokers and takes place every third Thursday of November, was used as a case study in the article. Chaiton, M., Diemert, L., Cohen, J. E., Bondy, S. J., Selby, P., Philipneri, A., & Schwartz, R. (2016). Estimating the number of quit attempts it takes to quit smoking successfully in a longitudinal cohort of smokers. BMJ Open, 6(6), e011045. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011045 The authors seek to improve on literature estimating the number of attempts it takes to successfully quit smoking. Through the use of a population based longitudinal panel survey of smokers known as the Ontario Tobacco Survey, they used statistical analyses to determine the average number of quit attempts before quitting successfully. They find that the average number of quit attempts is likely significantly higher than what is generally communicated to smokers, suggesting that a current smoker tries to quit on average about 30 times or more before successfully quitting for 1 year or longer. Hersi, M., Traversy, G., Thombs, B. D., Beck, A., Skidmore, B., Groulx, S., Lang, E., Reynolds, D. L., Wilson, B., Bernstein, S. L., Selby, P., Johnson-Obaseki, S., Manuel, D., Pakhale, S., Presseau, J., Courage, S., Hutton, B., Shea, B. J., Welch, V., … Stevens, A. (2019). Effectiveness of stop smoking interventions among adults: protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and an updated systematic review. Systematic Reviews, 8(1), 8–28. The authors focus on interventions used to help with smoking cessation. This evidence review provides the reader with an overview of systemic reviews evaluating the benefits and harms of interventions used to influence smoking cessation. These interventions include approved pharmacotherapies, electronic cigarettes, behavioral therapies, exercise, and alternative therapies. Liu, J., Zhao, S., Chen, X., Falk, E., & Albarracín, D. (2017). The influence of peer behavior as a function of social and cultural closeness: A meta-analysis of normative influence on adolescent smoking initiation and continuation. Psychological Bulletin, 143(10), 1082– 1115. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000113 The authors discuss the influence of social and cultural closeness on cigarette smoking and the continuation of smoking being the lead cause of preventable death and disease in the United States. They delve into the fact that smoking begins and is established usually during adolescent years and relate it to the fact that this age group is more sensitive to the influence of others. Martin, C. T., Gao, Y., Duchman, K. R., & Pugely, A. J. (2016). The Impact of Current Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Short-Term Morbidity Risk After Lumbar Spine Surgery. SPINE, 41(7), 577–584. https://doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000001281 The authors aim to discover the likelihood developing an infection or morbidity postsurgery depending on smoking status of patients. They focused on current and prior cigarette smokers and concentrate on their healing process for thirty days after lumbar spine surgery. Population Health Planned Intervention and Christian Worldview

Through their findings, they were able to conclude that there is a correlation between cigarette smoking and systemic morbidity and wound complication. Śliwińska-Mossoń, M., & Milnerowicz, H. (2017). The impact of smoking on the development of diabetes and its complications. Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, 14(4), 265– 276. https://doi.org/10.1177/1479164117701876 Śliwińska-Mossoń & Milnerowicz detail the effects that cigarettes have on the body. They focus on its impact on the development of diabetes as well as the development of vascular complications. They shed light on the importance of smoking cessation for the prevention of micro- and macrovascular disease and complications. They believe that those with diabetes who continue to smoke cigarettes lack effective patient education and live a generally unhealthy lifestyle. West, R. (2017). Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions. Psychology & Health, 32(8), 1018–1036. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2017.1325890 West provides a detailed review about the nature of harm caused by smoking, the benefits of smoking cessation, patterns seen by those who smoke, the effectiveness of methods used to lower the harm caused by continued use of tobacco/nicotine, pharmacological and social factors that contribute to the uptake of smoking, and the effectiveness of population and individual level interventions intended on combatting smoking. The article concludes with several suggestions of ways to increase the rate at which smokers try to quit including raising taxes, implementing national programs, and providing behavioral and pharmacological support. Zhou, C., Wu, L., Liu, Q., An, H., Jiang, B., Zuo, F., Zhang, L., & He, Y. (2017). Evaluation of smoking cessation intervention in patients with chronic diseases in smoking cessation clinics. Medicine, 96(42), e7459. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000007459 Numerous contributing authors apply their expertise to discussing psychological interventions verses drug combined psychological interventions. They focus on male smokers with single chronic diseases and find more success with drug combined psychological interventions. Population Health Planned Intervention and Christian Worldview

The psychologic interventions take place in smoking cessation clinics where doctors answer any questions the patients may have, provide mental support and assistance, and provide education. Running head: The Importance of Smoking Cessation For years, smoking has been well known to be the leading cause of preventable deaths for many all over the world. According the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), tobacco use causes more than seven million deaths per year worldwide. The CDC has also found that more than sixteen million Americans are living with a disease caused by smoking, as smoking can negatively impact nearly every organ of the body. According to West (2017), tobacco smoke contains biologically significant concentrations of known carcinogens, or cancercausing agents, as well as many other toxic chemicals. Smoking cessation can help prevent millions of potential deaths for both smokers and those who come in close contact with second hand smoke. Second hand smoke is another issue that many worry about because it can be detrimental to the lives of many nonsmokers. Smokers and nonsmokers who come in contact with second hand smoke are at risk of developing diseases such as coronary heart disease, cancer, lung diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including emphysema and chronic bronchitis, stroke, and diabetes. Tobacco smoking consists of drawing in the smoke of burning tobacco through the mouth and into the lungs with the use of cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, or pipes (West, 2017). The most commonly used are cigarettes. Smoking cessation is difficult for many because tobacco contains nicotine. Nicotine is a highly addictive compound that can change the way that the brain works, making it difficult for smokers to quit. Throughout the years, as more information has been put forth about the risks of smoking, more and more interventions have been put into place to help those who want to stop smoking. This paper will focus on the impact that smoking has on ambulatory surgery patients and the importance of smoking cessation. Overview of Selected Population Ambulatory Surgery Patients Every day, millions of patients of all ages find out that they need surgery to improve their way of living. Ambulatory surgery, also known as outpatient surgery or same day surgery, can be defined as surgery that does not require an overnight hospital stay. These patients may undergo neurology, urology, vascular, plastic, general, otolaryngology, orthopedic, and gynecology surgeries. These surgeries are usually performed at hospitals or ambulatory care centers and the patients receive anesthesia prior to receiving surgery. Due to improved techniques and surgical equipment over the past few decades, patients who require more complex surgeries have been able to undergo same day surgery. Part of the preoperative process includes reviewing the past medical history of each patient. General Public’s Knowledge of the Effects of Smoking NURS 503 POPULATION HEALTH INTERVENTION PROJECT: FINAL PAPER GRADING RUBRIC Criteria Content 70% Key Components Levels of Achievement Advanced 120 to 130 points Provides a comprehensive discussion of each of the following components of the Population Health Intervention Project Outline: ● Overview of selected population (20 points) ● Disease-specific data (20 points) ● Suggested intervention (20 points) ● Setting (10 points) ● Cultural considerations (10 points) ● Budgetary needs (10 points) ● Possible funding sources (10 points) ● Timeline for implementation (10 points) ● Evaluation methods (10 points) ● QSEN implications (10 points) ● Appendices (optional, if needed to provide support for the project) Proficient 109 to 119 points Provides a somewhat detailed discussion of each of the components of the Population Health Intervention Project Outline and/or one key component is missing from the paper. Developing 1 to 108 points Provides a limited discussion of the components of the Population Health Intervention Project Outline and/or more than one key component is missing from the paper. Major points are somewhat supported with evidence from scholarly sources and/or there is a minimal discrepancy in the required number and/or type of references utilized within the paper. References must have been published within the past 5 years (unless a classical work). Major points lack support from scholarly sources and/or there is a significant discrepancy in the required number and/or type of references utilized within the paper. References must have been published within the past 5 years (unless a classical work). Not Present 0 points Not Present Major points are supported with evidence from scholarly sources. At least 8 scholarly sources are required in addition to the course textbook and the Bible. Population Health Planned Intervention and Christian Worldview

References must have been published within the past 5 years (unless a classical work). Page 1 of 2 NURS 503 Criteria Christian Worldview Structure 30% Writing Quality Length Requirement 28 to 30 points Provides a comprehensive discussion of the influence that your Christian worldview has on your view of population health as it relates to the selected population/suggested intervention. Advanced 46 to 50 points Quality of work includes: clarity and thoroughness of writing, grammar, varied sentence structure, evidence of critical thinking, and proper use of current APA format. 14 to 15 points Required length (10–15 pages) is met. The title page, reference page, and any appendices do not count towards this length requirement. Levels of Achievement 25 to 27 points 1 to 24 points Provides a somewhat detailed Provides a limited discussion of the discussion of the influence that influence that your Christian your Christian worldview has on worldview has on your view of your view of population health as population health as it relates to the it relates to the selected selected population/suggested population/suggested intervention. intervention. 0 points Not Present Proficient 42 to 45 points Quality of work has several errors in: clarity and thoroughness of writing, grammar, sentence structure, critical thinking, and use of current APA format. Developing 1 to 41 points Quality of work has substantial errors in: clarity and thoroughness of writing, grammar, sentence structure, critical thinking, and use of current APA format. Not Present 0 points Not Present 13 points Length of paper is more than 9 pages but does not meet the minimum length requirement of 10 complete pages. The title page, reference page, and any appendices do not count towards this length requirement. 1 to 12 points Paper length is 9 pages or less. The title page, reference page, and any appendices do not count towards this length requirement. 0 points Not Present Page 2 of 2 I. INTRODUCTION A. Effect of smoking cigarettes on the human body II. OVERVIEW OF SELECTED POPULATION A. Ambulatory surgery patients 1. Age range 2. Types of surgeries that are performed B. General public’s knowledge of the long/short term effects of smoking cigarettes 1. Cigarette smoking and its impact on illnesses that lead to patients needing to undergo surgery III. DISEASE SPECIFIC DATA A. Cigarettes and their contribution to developing disease 1. Short term effects 2. Long term effects IV. SUGGESTED INTERVENTION A. Education 1. Pharmacotherapy 2. Behavioral therapy a. Counseling 3. Alternative therapy a. Hypnosis b. Acupuncture c. Electrostimulation d. Meditation 4. Exercise 5. Quality and safety education for nurses a. Patient-centered care b. Teamwork and collaboration c. Evidence based practice d. Safety V. SETTING A. Outpatient/Inpatient Setting B. Home of patient VI. LITERATURE REVIEW VII. CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS A. Social environment B. Family views on smoking C. Mainstream popularity VIII. BUDGETARY NEEDS A. Funding for therapy B. Funding for services that provide outlet for education 1. EPIC 2. MyChart IX. POSSIBLE FUNDING SOURCES A. Insurance B. Federal Budget X. TIMELINE FOR IMPLEMENTATION A. Approximately one year XI. EVALUATION METHODS A. Quality and safety education for nurses 1. Quality improvement 2. Informatics NURS 503 POPULATION HEALTH INTERVENTION PROJECT: FINAL PAPER INSTRUCTIONS After reviewing the assigned readings for the course, you will: 1. Expand your Population Health Intervention: Outline into a comprehensive, narrative document. 2. Explain each component of the planned intervention: Population Health Planned Intervention and Christian Worldview

• Overview of selected population • Disease-specific data • Suggested intervention • Setting • Cultural considerations • Budgetary needs • Possible funding sources • Timeline for implementation • Evaluation methods • QSEN implications • Appendices 3. Discuss the influence your Christian worldview has on your view of Population Health. 4. Support your position with evidence from 8–10 scholarly sources in addition to the course textbook. References must have been published within the past 5 years. The paper must be 10–15 pages (excluding the title page and reference page). Submit the Population Health Intervention: Final Paper by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module/Week 7. ..Population Health Planned Intervention and Christian Worldview