Privacy and Confidentiality in Maternity Setting Essay.
Privacy and Confidentiality in Maternity Setting Essay.
CHAPTER 12 Clinician Confidentiality, Privacy, and Ethical Issues in the Digital Age Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com. Scenario: Privacy and Security Policy ▪ Practice receiving requests from patients for contact by email or text ▪ Formulation of a single policy for all providers ▪ Considerations ▪ Scenario: theft of a provider laptop containing medical record notes Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Awareness of risks regarding privacy and security Health IT Competencies ▪ Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Certified Professional in Healthcare Information and Management Systems (CPHIMS) ▪ Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER) Privacy and Confidentiality ▪ Both ethical and legal terms ▪ Obligation to keep information private and the act of maintaining privacy ▪ Varying laws regarding privacy and confidentiality
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▪ Defined laws and regulations from agencies and departments ▪ Main agency: The US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Confidentiality HIPAA Privacy Rule ▪ Responsibilities of the Office of Civil Rights ▪ Two most important aspects ▪ Who must comply with the law ▪ Covered entity ▪ What information is protected ▪ Protected Health Information (PHI) Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Intended to keep information private while allowing necessary information for patient quality health care to be used 1996 HIPAA Rules ▪ HIPPA security rule ▪ HITECH Act ▪ Amendments to HIPAA ▪ Four final rules ▪ Other agencies and considerations ▪ ONC, FTC, FDA, and FCC Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Specific requirements for the storage and transmission of e-PHI Canada and European Union Comparison ▪ Canadian laws ▪ Europe ▪ Directive on the Protection of Individuals ▪ Three articles aligned with HIPAA ▪ Based on layered approach ▪ Hands-off approach vs global perspective Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Privacy Act and PIPEDA EHRs and Mobile Devices ▪ EHR ▪ Mobile device ▪ Variety of devices that are not stationary ▪ App ▪ Small, specialized program that is downloaded onto mobile devices Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Advanced electronic version of a medical record ▪ Offers additional functionality Health Information Exchange (HIE) ▪ Allows electronic access and secure sharing of patient information
▪ Directed exchange ▪ Query-based exchange ▪ Consumer mediated exchange Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Types of HIE Telemedicine and Patient Generated Health Data ▪ Telemedicine ▪ Patient-generated health data (PGHD) ▪ Health-related data created, recorded, or gathered by or from patients to help address a health concern ▪ Cloud computing ▪ Social media Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Delivery of health services via distance Privacy and Confidentiality (1 of 2) ▪ US HHS Office for Civil Rights (OCR) ▪ Data breach from cyberattacks and employee negligence ▪ EHRs at risk ▪ Inappropriate or unauthorized access Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Investigates and reports privacy breaches ▪ Breaches listed on website Privacy and Confidentiality (2 of 2) ▪ Breaches of mental health records ▪ Risks for mobile devices ▪ Concern of transferring data between devices ▪ HIE and telemedicine compliance with health IT privacy and security standards Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Subject to HIPAA and the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Patient Records Privacy Law Secure Messaging
▪ Use of text messaging ▪ CMS Memorandum ▪ Includes text messaging through a secure system Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Joint Commission ban ▪ Continued use Potential Issues Arising from Technology Use ▪ Social media ▪ Other ethical and legal issues ▪ Liability risk of EHRs ▪ Data accuracy ▪ Medical record entries ▪ Use of cut/paste or automatically populating templates ▪ PGHD legal issues Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Healthcare professionals subject to HIPAA Medical Malpractice ▪ Standard of care in using a mobile device ▪ Medical malpractice for telemedicine ▪ Licensure requirements ▪ Technology transmission across state lines Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Breach of duty for failing to use an app Social Media ▪ Informed consent with the use of health IT ▪ Social media terms of service ▪ Patient personal boundaries and social media communication ▪ Health literacy considerations Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Data ownership considerations Solutions and Recommendations ▪ Three methods ▪ Receive education on specific ethical and legal risk areas Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Use of official sources
▪ Use of expert advice ▪ Use of educational material by professional associations ONC Recommendations for Ensuring EHR Privacy ▪ Audit functions that track who has accessed what pieces of health information ▪ Internet-based portals that allow patients to access their own health records, see who else has viewed them, and check their accuracy Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Access controls to make sure only those who are authorized can access health information ONC Recommendations for Mobile Devices (1 of 2) Install and enable encryption 2. Use a password or other user authentication 3. Install and activate wiping and remote disabling 4. Disable and do not install or use filesharing apps 5. Privacy and Confidentiality in Maternity Setting Essay.
Install and enable a firewall 6. Install and enable security software Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com 1. ONC Recommendations for Mobile Devices (2 of 2) Keep security software up to date 8. Research mobile apps before downloading 9. Maintain physical control of the mobile device 10. Use adequate security to send or receive health information over public WiFi 11. Delete all stored health information before discarding Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com 7. Advice for Private Practices (1 of 2)
▪ Conducting and documenting a risk analysis ▪ Ensuring that the electronic PHI is encrypted ▪ Modifying the practice’s EHR system Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Reviewing the practice’s policies and procedures for when PHI is lost, stolen, or improperly disclosed Advice for Private Practices (2 of 2) ▪ Reviewing your contracts with any vendors that have access to the PHI ▪ Updating notice of privacy practices Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Having the ability to send patients their health information in an electronic format Applying the Four-Principles Approach ▪ Autonomy ▪ Beneficence ▪ Principle of promoting good ▪ Non-maleficence ▪ Principle of avoiding harm ▪ Justice ▪ Benefits, risks, and costs which should be distributed fairly Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Right for patients to make their own decisions in deciding what is best for themselves CHAPTER 13 AI and Social Media Analytics for Health Systems: Understanding Consumers’ Preferences on Healthcare Services Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com. Scenario: AIA and Madonna University (1 of 2)
▪ Madonna University’s Master of Science in Health Services Administration ▪ Participates in development of health-focused technologies ▪ AIA: leading global digital health team Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Serious healthcare problem of growing elderly population and shrinking number of healthcare professionals Scenario: AIA and Madonna University (2 of 2) ▪ Social media as means of collecting data ▪ Downsides ▪ Extreme volume of data ▪ Complicated to summarize, classify, and group Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Partnership to explore how AI can identify consumers’ preferences in healthcare services Introduction ▪ AI: simulates human perception and thinking processes ▪ Statistics, computational intelligence, and symbolic methods ▪ Analysis of social media posts ▪ Decomposition of social media text into entities for categorization ▪ Visual presentation of deductions and conclusions Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
▪ Types of AI Consumer Shopping, Behavioral Changes, and E-health Services ▪ Essential to understand e-health services’ capacity and consumer behaviors ▪ Enables health providers to improve and develop new health services ▪ Provides mechanism for analyzing, learning, and adjusting changes of observations Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Uses of an intelligent agent Social Media Analytics (SMA) and AI ▪ SMA ▪ NLP ▪ Includes sentence segmentation, tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, stemming, lemmatization, name entity extraction, chunking, parsing, and coreference resolution Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com Privacy and Confidentiality in Maternity Setting Essay.
▪ Analyze the content of social media websites ▪ Uses NLP, named entity extraction, text analysis, sentiment analysis, and relation extraction Knowledge Base and AI for SMA Techniques (1 of 2) ▪ Knowledge base ▪ Commonly used AI models for named entity extraction ▪ SVM, CRF, HMM, maximum entropy, and DTs Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
▪ Predefines categories of the entities ▪ Components Knowledge Base and AI for SMA Techniques (2 of 2) ▪ AI models for sentiment analysis ▪ AI models for relation extraction ▪ Logistic regression, CRF, Bayesian networks, HMM, MEM, or SVM ▪ Symbolic AI models for deductions and conclusions Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ TF-IDF, n-grams, Naive Bayes, linear SVM Business Intelligence Visualization Tools ▪ For knowledge visualization and trend analysis ▪ Benefits of a real-time dashboard ▪ Monitor patient satisfaction ▪ See consumers’ behavioral changes Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ KPIs and reporting tools Zocdoc Case: SMA Use and Consumer’s Preference ▪ Background and objectives ▪ Review on E-health services websites
▪ Four physician reviewing websites ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Singapore Medical Council FindDoc.com Mydoc.asia ZocDoc Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Gaining feedback on physician’s services via social media analysis ▪ Correlation analysis among the ratings Singapore Medical Council Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com http://www.healthprofessionals.gov.sg/smc FindDoc.com Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com MyDoc.Asia Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ZocDoc Page Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com Application of AI and KPI for SMA (1 of 2) ▪ Data sources and target information ▪ SMA methods ▪ Rapid Automatic Keyword Extraction (RAKE) ▪ Keyword capture and score Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Vocabulary databases construction Application of AI and KPI for SMA (2 of 2) ▪ RAKE drawback ▪ Adjoint keywords may not be related but are adjoined to calculate keywords score ▪ Different wording used for the same opinion ▪ Results in errors of frequency and degree counting ▪ Novel approach of clustered ontology-based machine learning ▪ KPIs in the dashboard Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
▪ Inability to determine semantic meaning “Fee” Ontology Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com Purposes of the Dashboard Prototype (1 of 2) ▪ Determining the healthcare services patients are most interested in ▪ Determining which services have high and low satisfaction ratings ▪ Determined by average stars and word count of vocabulary database selection Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Determined by patient comments on preference Purposes of the Dashboard Prototype (2 of 2) ▪ Determining how the provider selection, ratings, comments, and discussion on services relate to the demographics of social media users Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Determining how comments and ratings correlate to the likelihood of new patients seeing a specific clinician Dashboard Prototype and Screenshots ▪ Highlight the options for analysis ▪ Future trend to social media-based model ▪ Concern of patient privacy breaches ▪ Impact on information disclosure ▪ Three facets of patient concern Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com ▪ Uses of the dashboard Dashboard Example Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com Conclusion: Issues to Consider ▪ Culture and term definitions ▪ Context settings of the analysis ▪ Information sources ▪ Refining NLP vocabulary terms based on evaluation of the source’s audience Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning
Privacy and Confidentiality in Maternity Setting Essay.
Privacy and Confidentiality in Maternity Setting Essay.