Teaching Patient Diabetic Specific About Food

1 Running head: DIABETES TYPE 2 Diabetes type 2 Tahani Maashi Indiana University Kokomo 2 DIABETES TYPE 2 3 Research Questions a. Does nutritional education on responsible food consumption prevent diabetes type 2? b. Does consumption high sugar more than10 gram food translate to high prevalence rates of diabetes type 2? c. Can the health nurses’ role of educating patients on the dietary requirements contribute to prevention of diabetes type 2? Null Hypothesis There is not a positive or negative correlation between a monitored balanced diet and the nurses’ education aimed at prevention of diabetes type 2. Consuming food having recommended nutrients does not enhance the possibility of preventing diabetes type 2. Hypothesis There is positive correlation between a monitored balanced diet and nurses’ education for prevention of diabetes type 2. Individuals who eat responsible food consumption have a decreased chance to develop diabetes type 2. Running head: DIABETES TYPE 2 Diabetes type 2 Tahani Maashi Indiana University Kokomo 2 DIABETES TYPE 2 Literature Table Name of Study Study Purpose Ardisson Korat, A. V., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2014). Diet, lifestyle, and genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes: A review from the Nurses’ Health Study, Nurses’ Health Study 2, and Health Professionals’ Follow-Up Study. Current Nutrition Reports, 3(4), 345-354. To show lifestyle, diet and genetic risk factors of diabetes type 2. Time Frame of the Study Two years. Sample Size Large US Cohorts (Nurses’ Health Study, Nurses’ Professionals Follow-up Study and Health Study 2). Colditz, G. A., Philpott, S. E., & To Unknown. Use of data Hankinson, S. E. (2016). The understand from impact of the Nurses’ Health the impact of prospective Study on population health: Nurses’ cohort Prevention, translation, and Health Study studiescontrol. American Journal of for the last more than Public Health, 106(9), 154040 years on 1200 1545. prevention, publications. translation and control of diabetes type 2. Hu, F. B. (2011). Globalization of To show the Unknown. Unknown. diabetes: The role of diet, role of diet, lifestyle, and genes. Diabetes lifestyle and Care, 34(6), 1249-57. genes in preventing and controlling diabetes. Ley, S. H., Ardisson Korat, A. Review Unknown. NHS and V., Sun, Q., Tobias, D. K., contributions NHS Zhang, C., Qi, L., … & Hu, F. B. of NHS on publications. (2016). Contribution of the risk factors Nurses’ Health Studies to of diabetes uncovering risk factors for type 2 type 2. Method Outcome Measured Relevant Findings Review of cohort NHS publications. Dietary patterns, diet, body mass index and physical activity. Prevention and control of diabetes type 2 is accomplished by roles of diet, physical activity and individual foods and nutrients. Narrative review of the findings of the NHS3, NHS2 and NHS1 between 1976 and 2016. Relationships between smoking on cardiovascular complications, oral contraceptives and dietary factors on diabetes type 2. Health issues of diabetes type 2 do have a significant impact to the nursing profession. Excess adiposity is a risk factor of diabetes type 2. Moderate weight increases diabetes type 2. Review of medical publications. Individual diet, lifestyle and genes. Diabetes type 2 can be fully curbed by promotion of a healthy lifestyle and well-monitored dietary practices. Narrative review of 1976 and 2016 NHS publications. Risk factors of diabetes type 2 (individual nutrients, food, physical Important roles of NHS and NHS II on diabetes type 2 pertaining to individual nutrients, food, 3 DIABETES TYPE 2 diabetes: Diet, lifestyle, biomarkers, and genetics. American Journal of Public Health, 106(9), 1624-1630. Siminerio, L. M., Funnell, M. M., Peyrot, M., & Rubin, R. R. (2007). US nurses’ perceptions of their role in diabetes care. The Diabetes Educator, 33(1), 152162. activity and patterns of diet). The article examined perceptions of nurses and physicians and their roles in diabetes care. Unknown. 51 generalist nurses, 50 specialist nurses, 166 generalist physicians and 50 diabetes specialist physicians. Cross – Unknown. sectional design with face to face interviews with healthcare professionals handling diabetes in 13 countries. physical activity and patterns of diet. It is the role of nurses to manage diabetes. This is based on the key findings that nurses provide better education, spend more time with the patients, and have an ability to understand psychosocial needs of the patients. Generally, there is increased need for nurses’ involvement in diabetes care. Running head: DIABETES TYPE 2 Diabetes Type 2 Tahani Maashi Indiana University Kokomo 2 DIABETES TYPE 2 Literature Table Name of Study Study Purpose Bonner, T., Foster, M., & Spears-Lanoix, E. (2016). Teaching Patient Diabetic Specific About Food

Type 2 diabetes–related foot care knowledge and foot selfcare practice interventions in the United States: A systematic review of the literature. Diabetic Foot & Ankle, 7(1), 29758. To explain the different interventions used by the nurses to reduce the risk of diabetes type 2 Brundisini, F., Vanstone, M., Hulan, D., DeJean, D., & Giacomini, M. (2015). Type 2 diabetes patients’ and providers’ differing perspectives on medication nonadherence: qualitative meta-synthesis. BMC Health Services Research, 15(1), 516. To examine the diverse perspectives between nurses and Diabetes type 2 patients on nonadherence to medication. Edelman, D., Dolor, R. J., Coffman, C. J., Pereira, K. C., Granger, B. B., Lindquist, J. H., … & Bosworth, H. B. (2015). Nurse-led behavioral management of diabetes and hypertension in community practices: A randomized trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 30(5), 626-633 Innes, K. E., & Selfe, T. K. (2016). Yoga for adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic Time Frame of the Study Unknown Sample Size Method Outcome Measured Relevant Findings Large US Cohorts (Nurses’ Health Study, Nurses’ Professionals Follow-up Study and Health Study 2). Unknown. A meta synthesis of patients with diabetes type 2. A review of nursing literature and self-care practices Exercises and self-care practices including foot care Prevention and control of diabetes type 2 is achieved by the increased selfcare and footcare interventions A review of the conclusions of the BMC health services, NHS2 and NHS1 for the past decade. Realization of high number of patients with diabetes type 2 and high blood pressure. To determine the various community programs the patients with diabetes type 2 can engage in. Unknown. Unknown. Narrative review of 1976 and 2016 NHS publications. Exercises, lifestyle and genes. Individual diet. The adherence to the medication provided by the nurses and other practitioners is paramount to the reduction of risk factors and improved health among the diabetes type 2 patients. The nurse-led behavioral management of diabetes type 2 is deemed to achieve great results and improve the health of the people with diabetes. To explian the intervention of nurses Unknown. NHS and NHS publications. . Review of medical publications. The Risk factors of diabetes type 2 (food, Significant roles of NHS and NHS II on diabetes type 2 pertaining to 3 DIABETES TYPE 2 review of controlled trials. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2016. Linmans, J. J., Knottnerus, J. A., & Spigt, M. (2015). How motivated are patients with type 2 diabetes to change their lifestyle? A survey among patients and healthcare professionals. Primary Care Diabetes, 9(6), 439-445. through advice and instructions on how to have Yoga exercises. This article Unknown. 25 generalist examined the nurses, 25 level of specialist patient nurses, and motivation 55 diabetes through specialist nursing physicians. efforts in changing their lifestyle. A review of the primary method of diabetes care and the practical examination of the behavioral change literature. individual nutrients, physical exercises and diet patterns). individual exercises and diets Sugar levels, and the body mass index as well as the weight loss. The nurses have the sole responsibility of ensuring the reduced rates of the patients with diabetes type 2. The nurses spend more time with the patients while trying to understand their diets and lifestyle in order to educate them on the best practices to improve their wellbeing. Teaching Patient Diabetic Specific About Food
Running head: DIABETES TYPE 2 Diabetes Type 2 Tahani Maashi Indiana University Kokomo 2 DIABETES TYPE 2 Literature Table Name of Study Yong, Y. M., Shin, K. M., Lee, K. M., Cho, J. Y., Ko, S. H., Yoon, M. H., … & Ahn, Y. B. (2015). Intensive individualized reinforcement education is important for the prevention of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 39(2), 154163. Study Purpose Time Frame of the Study The main The purpose of study the study was was to investigate conduct how ed for a individualize period d of six reinforcemen months, t education running initiatives from would impact March the 2013 to prevention of Septemb hypoglycemi er 2013. cconditions among patients who had Type 2 diabetes. Sample Size Method Outcome Measured The study used a sample of 20 people. The population was composed of men who had previously not been participants in any diabetes program. They had also not been treated with a sulfonylurea containing regiment or insulin. The men Reoccurrence participated of in both in hypoglycemia an intensive individuali zed group (IT) and in the structured group education. The intensive individuali zed group programs were meant for reinforcem ent. The participants were required to attend follow-up visits. The visits were conducted at 2, 8, 12, and 24 weeks and were meant to determine whether the patients Relevant Findings The findings of the study revealed that additional intensive individualized group (IT) programs wer very effective in treating hypoglycemia in patients who had the Type 2 diab condition. The program would also aid in avoida of the condition. 3 DIABETES TYPE 2 Huang, X. L., Pan, J. H., Chen, D., Chen, J., Chen, F., & Hu, T. T. (2016). Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and metaanalysis. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 27, 37-47. The study was aimed at evaluating how lifestyle interventions would aid in reducing the risks of cardio vascular conditions among patients who had the diabetes type 2 condition. The amount of time taken to carry out the study was not specifie d. 17 studies were chosen out of the 235 that were identified. The studies were randomly selected for the meta-analysis, and later conclusions were drawn. The patients in the studies were aged between 50 and 67.3 years. Esposito, K., Maiorino, M. I., Bellastella, G., Chiodini, P., Panagiotakos, D., & Giugliano, D. (2015). A journey into a mediterranean The study was meant to analyze the efficiency of the Mediterranen diet, especially in The study ran for a period of six months. The sample size consisted of 30 adults. The adults were those at a high risk of diabetes type 2 condition. still experience d hypoglyce mia. Randomize d clinical interventio ns and trials were searched from the medical databases. A manual search was done on the medical database to get the needed trials for the study. The researchers used key words like behavioral interventio ns, diabetes cardiovasc ular risks, health education, physical exercises and also lifestyle. The first step was to conduct a systematic review for the RCTs trials (these are The outcome measures for the study were Physical activity (PA), Patient education (EDU) and Diet modifications (DIET) Glycaemi c control, cardiovas cular risk factors, and remission from the The study revealed that nutritional interventions were significant in improving the quality of life. The interventions would also help in mitigating th risk of cardiovascular attacks experienced by patients who had the Typ Diabetes. A total of 2824 studies were chosen for the analysis. Out of 2824 studies, 5 RCTs and 8 m analyses were eligible for the study. Teaching Patient Diabetic Specific About Food

The researchers conduc meta-analysis of 3 long-term RCTs focusing on the Mediterranean diet. The meta- DIABETES TYPE 2 diet and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review with metaanalyses. BMJ Open, 5(8). addressing prediabetic and also type 2 diabetes conditions. 4 randomized metabolic analysis approved the use of th trials), and syndrome Mediterranean diet in the cont also for the . of Diabetes Type 2. The longmetaterm meta-analyses also show analyses. an increase of 49% in the The two metabolic syndrome when usi compared a diets rich in fats. The 5 metacontrolled analyses were positive on the diet with Mediterranean diet as compare the to other diets using factors suc Mediterran body weight, high density ean diet cholesterol and also total diet and their cholesterol. The 2 meta-analys efficiency also showed the patients who in curbing adhered to the Mediterranean Diabetic greatly reduced the risks of typ conditions, diabetes by a great percentage and 19-23%. The diet is characteri especially by lower fats and also better Type 2 glycaemic control. The overal Diabetes, mitigation and effective and also management of type 2 diabete the would require the right diet by prediabetic patients. conditions. The trials were only used if they met certain conditions; if they had sufficient time of up to 6 months, had another group that was treated under a different diet and met the condition of at least 30 participant. 5 DIABETES TYPE 2 Li, Y., Ley, S. H., Tobias, D. K., Chiuve, S. E., VanderWeele, T. J., Rich-Edwards, J. W., … & Qi, L. (2015). Birth weight and later life adherence to unhealthy lifestyles in predicting type 2 diabetes: Prospective cohort study. BMI, 351. Ramadas, A., Chan, C. K. Y., Oldenburg, B., Hussien, Z., & Quek, K. F. (2015). A web-based dietary intervention for people with type 2 diabetes: Development, implementation, and evaluation. Internati onal Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 22(3), 365-373. The study was aimed at assessing the relationship between one’s birth weight and their adult lifestyles in patients who had Diabetes type 2 condition. The study also aimed at identifying the contribution of each factor towards type 2 diabetes conditions. The study was aimed at assessing the most efficient way to develop, implement, and also evaluate internet delivered dietary programs, commonly known as Unknow n The total participants for the study were 149,794. The sample size consisted of both men and women who had no diabetes, cardiovascular diseases or cancer base. The study was carried out for a period six months. Diabetic people in developing countries. Data was pooled from the databases using a random effect model. A prospective cohort study was conducted. Data was retrieved from health studies that had been carried out by professiona l nurses. The first step was to investigate the component s of diet for the patients with Type 2 diabetes condition to be included in the module. The next step was The outcome measures for the study were alcohol consumption, smoking, alternate health eating index, and also physical activities. Body mass index was also included. 11,709 cases of diabetes type 2 were recorded dur the 20-30 years period. T risk factors resulting from combination of unhealth lifestyle and lower birth weight were 2.26 to 3.63 The findings of the study showed that adoption of health lifestyles could prevent the cases of diab type 2. The study also revealed improved postnatal and antenatal care would hel mitigate the conditions. Teaching Patient Diabetic Specific About Food

Dietary knowledge, attitude and behavior score The participants’ usabili acceptability and satisfaction levels with t program were high. The internet is an effective platform for encouraging education on type 2 diabetes. Future studies should be focused on improving the interaction Further studies should al be directed towards the creation of the same programs for other healt related issues to ensure i 6 DIABETES TYPE 2 myDIDeA, for the diabetic patients living in developing countries. The study also aimed at assessing the attitudes and behaviors of the patients towards the system. the developme nt of the lesson plans and also the study website. The efficiency of the model was then tested through randomized trials. The participants were given access to the program for a period of six months. Post interventio n was done through process evaluation to investigate the perceptions of the users with regard to the program and the contents. helps in addressing mult conditions at the same ti Running head: DIABETES TYPE 2 Diabetes type 2 Tahani Maashi Indiana University Kokomo 2 DIABETES TYPE 2 Literature Table Name of Study Ackermann, R. T., Finch, E. A., Brizendine, E., Zhou, H., & Marrero, D. G. (2008). Translating the diabetes prevention program into the community. The DEPLOY Pilot Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(4), 357-63. Ajala, O., English, P. & Pinkney, J. (2013). Systematic review and metaanalysis of different dietary approaches to the management of type 2 diabetes. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 97 (3), 505-516. Study Purpose Time Frame of the Study The The study purpose took nine of the months study was between to August underscor 2005 and e the May effective 2006. ness of a groupbased Diabetes Preventio n Program (DPP) lifestyle interventi on in YMCA. To The evaluate period of the the study impact of was different unknown diets on weight loss, lipids and glycemic control Sample Size Method Outcome Measured Relevant Findings It utilized a sample size of 92 randomly selected individuals The study employed multivariate regression to compare between group differences in transformatio ns in blood pressure, body weight, HDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol. Changes in body weight, total cholesterol, and blood pressure. The YMCA can be an effective and affordable channel that individuals can use to prevent diabetes. The study utilized twenty randomized controlled trials (RCTs) Electronic searches of google scholar, meta analyses and systematic reviews were undertaken. The key terms that were used included low fat, diabetic, carbohydrate, vegetarian, glycemic index, protein restricted, Differences in weight loss, glycemic control, LDL cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol and triglycerides Low-GI Mediterranean, high-proteins, and low carbohydrates diets lead to greater weight loss and improve glycemic control. 3 DIABETES TYPE 2 Kayar, Y., Ilhan., A. Bayram, N.K., Unver, N., Coban, G4, Ekinci, I…& Eroglu, H. (2017). Relationship between the poor glycemic control and risk factors, lifestyle and complications. Biomedical Research 2017, 28 (4), 1581-1586. To analyze how poor glycemic control influence s metabolic paramete rs, the quality of life of diabetics and the complicat ions that relate to the disease. Martínez-González, To M. A., de la Fuente- evaluate Arrillaga, C., Nunez- the effect Cordoba, J. M., of Basterra-Gortari, F. adhering J., Beunza, J. J., to a Vazquez, Z., Benito, Mediterra S., Tortosa, A., … nean diet Bes-Rastrollo, M. to (2008). Teaching Patient Diabetic Specific About Food

Adherence diabetes to mediterranean amongst diet and risk of individua developing diabetes: ls that Prospective cohort were study. BMJ (Clinical initially Research healthy. Ed.), 336(7657), 1348-51. The duration of the study was two years from August 2013 to Septembe r 2015 The study used 757 type 2 diabetes patients that were aged between 18 and 70 years The study was undertake n over a period of 4.4 years 13,380 Spanish University students without diabetes participated in the study carbohydrate restricted, and so forth It utilized a cross sectional observational approach Prospective cohort study was utilized. The estimates of relative risks were adjusted for physical activity, age, sex, body mass index, sedentary habit … Teaching Patient Diabetic Specific About Food